CHAPTER THREE DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: NUMERICAL MEASURES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS In the following multiple choice questions‚ circle the correct answer. 1. Which of the following provides a measure of central location for the data? a. standard deviation b. mean c. variance d. range Answer: b 2. A numerical value used as a summary measure for a sample‚ such as sample mean‚ is known as a a. population parameter b. sample parameter
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Data Mining: What is Data Mining? Overview Generally‚ data mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information - information that can be used to increase revenue‚ cuts costs‚ or both. Data mining software is one of a number of analytical tools for analyzing data. It allows users to analyze data from many different dimensions or angles‚ categorize it‚ and summarize the relationships identified
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Components of DSS (Decision Support System) Data Store – The DSS Database Data Extraction and Filtering End-User Query Tool End User Presentation Tools Operational Stored in Normalized Relational Database Support transactions that represent daily operations (Not Query Friendly) Differences with DSS 3 Main Differences Time Span Granularity Dimensionality Operational DSS Time span Real time Historic Current transaction Short time frame Long time frame Specific Data facts Patterns Granularity Specific
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Chapter 3 Data Description 3-1 Measures of Central Tendency ( page 3-3) Measures found using data values from the entire population are called: parameter Measures found using data values from samples are called: statistic A parameter is a characteristic or measure obtained using data values from a specific population. A statistic is a characteristic or measure obtained using data values from a specific sample. The Measures of Central Tendency are: • The Mean • The
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Chapter 1 Exercises 1. What is data mining? In your answer‚ address the following: Data mining refers to the process or method that extracts or \mines" interesting knowledge or patterns from large amounts of data. (a) Is it another hype? Data mining is not another hype. Instead‚ the need for data mining has arisen due to the wide availability of huge amounts of data and the imminent need for turning such data into useful information and knowledge. Thus‚ data mining can be viewed as the result of
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Handling Consumer Data Introduction When I visit my local Caltex Woolworths petrol station on “cheap fuel Wednesday” to cash in the 8c per litre credit that my Wife earned the previous Friday buying the groceries with our “Everyday Rewards” card‚ I did not‚ until researching this report‚ have any clue as to the contribution I was making to a database of frightening proportions and possibilities… nor that‚ when I also “decide” to pick up the on-sale‚ strategically-placed 600mL choc-milk‚ I am
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Data Preprocessing 3 Today’s real-world databases are highly susceptible to noisy‚ missing‚ and inconsistent data due to their typically huge size (often several gigabytes or more) and their likely origin from multiple‚ heterogenous sources. Low-quality data will lead to low-quality mining results. “How can the data be preprocessed in order to help improve the quality of the data and‚ consequently‚ of the mining results? How can the data be preprocessed so as to improve the efficiency and ease
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Collecting‚ Reviewing‚ and Analyzing Secondary Data WHAT IS SECONDARY DATA REVIEW AND ANALYSIS? Secondary data analysis can be literally defined as second-hand analysis. It is the analysis of data or information that was either gathered by someone else (e.g.‚ researchers‚ institutions‚ other NGOs‚ etc.) or for some other purpose than the one currently being considered‚ or often a combination of the two (Cnossen 1997). If secondary research and data analysis is undertaken with care and diligence
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Data Warehousing‚ Data Marts and Data Mining Data Marts A data mart is a subset of an organizational data store‚ usually oriented to a specific purpose or major data subject‚ that may be distributed to support business needs. Data marts are analytical data stores designed to focus on specific business functions for a specific community within an organization. Data marts are often derived from subsets of data in a data warehouse‚ though in the bottom-up data warehouse design methodology the data
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IT433 Data Warehousing and Data Mining — Data Preprocessing — 1 Data Preprocessing • Why preprocess the data? • Descriptive data summarization • Data cleaning • Data integration and transformation • Data reduction • Discretization and concept hierarchy generation • Summary 2 Why Data Preprocessing? • Data in the real world is dirty – incomplete: lacking attribute values‚ lacking certain attributes of interest‚ or containing only aggregate data • e.g.‚ occupation=“ ”
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