framework of Norway using findings from a study carried out by renowned professor Geert Hofstede who has studied the cultural frameworks of various countries and communities in the world at large overtime. Hofstede studied the cultural framework of Norway and came up with five dimensions. These are Power Distance Index‚ Individualism‚ Masculinity‚ Uncertainty Avoidance Index‚ Long-Term Orientation (Hofstede). Hofstede describes masculinity as the opposite of femininity and in culture it refers to
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References: Camaron‚ Kim S.; Quinn‚ Robert E. (1999) Diagnosing and changing organizational culture bus.umich.edu/cameronk/culture%20bookchapter%201.pdf > [Accessed 5 February 2011] Hofstede‚ Geert (2011b) Culture [Internet]. House‚ Robert J.; Hanges‚ Paul J.; Javidan‚ Mansour; Dorman‚ Peter W.; Gupta Vipin (2004) Changing Minds (2011) Trompenaars’ and Hampden-Turner’s cultural factors [Internet]. [Accessed 5 February 2011] Martin‚ Joanne
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an honorable‚ trustworthy‚ and respectable fashion as these attributes are all desirable in the Confucianism culture. South Korean culture places a strong emphasis on family(Hofstede™ Cultural Dimensions‚ n.d.). Hofstede‚ along with other experts‚ state that employees look to their manager as a “parental figure” (Hofstede™ Cultural Dimensions‚ n.d.; Javidan et al.‚ 2006‚ p. 83; Saner-Yui & Saner-Yui‚ 1984‚ p.28). According to Saner-Yui and Saner-Yui (1984) employees are thought of as the children
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References: * Jha Neeraj‚ Gung-ho on rural marketing; The Financial Express‚ June 19‚ 2000.
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Crime rates and particularly the rates of violent and gun related crimes are rising in most rich countries. Targets for blame include higher drug use‚ higher inequality and greater availability of weapons. While Liberal politics tends to favor rehabilitation and structural improvement to combat crime the right wing has always seen criminality as a rational choice that can be combated by deterrence. Zero Tolerance policing aims to stop serious crime by clamping down on the minor crimes like graffiti
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is defined as a degree of inequality among people of the community (Thomas‚ 2008). Hofstede (2009) found that India is a country with a high power distance which means that they accept unequal power and wealth. Indians think that people on the top were destined to be on the top so they accepted their decisions due to the fatalism philosophy. However‚ the power distance in United States is relatively low (Hofstede‚ 2009). Uncertainty avoidance represents the extent to which people are frustrated
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A Comparison Study of Masculinity and Femininity Culture in Sultanate of Oman‚ Norway and Japan According to Occupation Done by: Zayid Al shukaili Professor: Abir Clark Date: May 05‚ 2014 Zayid Al shukaili May 05‚ 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. 1 I. Abstract .........
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across cultures. As stated byOsland (1990‚ p. 4) ``The single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture’’. Hofstede (1983) defines culture as "the mental programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another" (Hofstede 1983 p. 25). Through the comparison of Chinese culture and Australian culture using Hofstedes five cross-cultural dimensions: power distance‚ uncertainty avoidance‚ masculinity‚ individualism‚ and long-term orientation an insightful
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Contents Contents 2 DIMENSIONS OF NATIONAL CULTURES 3 INTRODUCTION 3 The Four Dimensions: 3 Ancient Roots of Culture 4 Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions 5 Indulgence versus Restraint 6 Geert Hofstede Scores for BRIC Countries 6 Geert Hofstede Scores and Social Media Usage in BRIC Countries 7 References 8 DIMENSIONS OF NATIONAL CULTURES INTRODUCTION Hoftede Geert operated in an international environment since 1965. His curiosity as a social psychologist led him to the comparison
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2. Review In project management (PM)‚ Hofstede (1984: 1) point out that the technique of management‚ which is proper in one culture‚ is not necessarily appropriate in another. Hofstede advocated four cultural dimensions: power distance (PDI)‚ uncertainty avoidance (UAI)‚ individualism-collectivism (IDV) and masculinity-femininity (MAS)‚ which is called Hofstede cultural framework (Bredillet et al. 2010). Another significant factor is GDP/Capita. Hofstede (2001: 60) argue that GDP/Capita can exert
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