to control the rotation of the motor in either XZ or YZ plane. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the stepper motor control system. The power supply section (in Fig. 2) consists of a stepdown transformer (7.5V AC‚ 1A)‚ bridge rectifier (comprising diodes D1 through D4)‚ filter capacitors (C1 and C2) and regulator IC 7805. We have used here an Atmel make low-power‚ high-performance‚ 8-bit CMOS microcontroller AT89C51 with 4 kB of Flash p rogrammable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM). It has a 128x8-bit
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to V (current-to-voltage) converter and converts temperature variations into voltage variations. To amplify the change in voltage due to change in temperature‚ instrumentation amplifier formed by op-amps A2‚ A3 and A4 is used. Resistor R2 and zener diode D1 combination is used for generating reference voltage as we want to amplify only change in voltage due to the change in temperature. Op-amp µA741 (IC2) works as a comparator. One input to the comparator is the output from the instrumentation amplifier
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Design and Construction of A Low-Power Multi-channel FM Transmitter Abstract The main aim of the project is to develop a miniaturised low power FM transmitter to be used in specialized application such as hearing aid for a tour guiding system‚ room monitoring (such as baby device)‚ small area security system and entertainments. No license is required for this low power- range limited transmitter designed according to FCC regulation. Frequency modulation has several advantages over the
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Baldeo Persaud NT1310 Unit 9 Exercise 1 Light Source and Components-Definitions 1. Forward Biased LED: A bias voltage that is applied to a pn-junction in the direction that causes a large current flow; used in some semiconductor diode circuits. 2. Incoherent Light: Light in which the electric and magnetic fields of photons are completely random in orientation. Incoherent light is typically emitted from light bulbs and LEDs. 3. Laser: Acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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Remote Control For Home Appliances This is a simple remote control circuit based on infrared sensor IC TSOP1738. TSOP1738 contains photo detector and pre-amplifier both in one package. It is a three terminal device. Pin 1 is for ground‚ Pin 2 is for power supply and pin 3 is used as output. Pin diagram of TSOP1738 is shown below. Take care while connecting the pins of TSOP1738. Wrong lead connection of TSOP1738 may lead to sensor damage. CD4017 is a CMOS counter/ divider IC. It takes clock signal
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6 Channel Auto Reverse Sequential Disco Running Lights [pic] From 230 V AC a DC supply of + 5 V is obtained. The power supply is given to the other blocks. The pulse generator at a particular frequency generates the clock pulses. The clock pulses are counted by a counter and gives output after every 10 pulses. The counter drives the transistors‚ which form the triac firing circuit. The transistors fire the triacs and they provide sufficient current to the load. Decorative
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chemistry is used in many ways in computers also.for example.‚we use many elements like silicon‚zinc‚aluminium‚copper etc.‚. in designing and in developing the hardware of computer. Electronics: Chemistry is important in many electronics fabrication and packaging methods and may one day help extend the trend toward faster and cheaper electronics by \molecular electronics‚" where individual molecules are used as electronic components. Chemists have always played a fundamental role in the
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PROPELLER CLOCK OBJECTIVE :- In this project‚ our aim is to use PIC or 8051 microcontroller to control a row of LEDs to function it as a clock. ABSTRACT :- The Propeller Clock is an electronic device which has a series of LEDs on board that rotate with the help of a motor to give an illusion of a watching a clock ( Digital or Analogue ). This requires a DC motor which rotates the PCB connected to it with sufficient speed so as to create the illusion. The LEDs are connected to a microcontroller
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INTRODUCTION For years‚ infrared LED has been merely a system for piping light around corners and into the inaccessible places to allow the hidden to be lighted. But now‚ infrared LED has evolved into a system of significantly greater importance and use. Throughout the world‚ it is now being used to transmit voice‚ television and data signals as light waves. Its advantages as compared with conventional coaxial cable or twisted wire pairs are manifold. As a result‚ millions of dollars are being spent
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environmental impacts. Drawing on techniques that enable the production of systems using ultrathin sheets of silicon that dissolve in liquids‚ the so-called ―transient electronics‖[1] [2] technology has been used experimentally to make transistors‚ diodes‚ temperature sensors‚ and solar cells that degrade completely in even tiny amounts of water‚ the researchers say. The devices are
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