THE HAMBURG RULES: DID IT INCREASE THE LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER? BY KWEKU GYAN AINUSON (Under The Direction of Professor Gabriel Wilner) ABSTRACT The Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (Hamburg rules) was hoped to provide a uniform modern commercial code for the international carriage of goods by sea. However‚ after 26 years after the diplomatic conference and nearly 13 years after it came into force‚ the rules have not been ratified by the world’s major maritime powers. The main
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Period of coverage i) Hague Rules The Rules in fact cover the entire period of carriage even during trans-shipment. ii) Hague – Visby Rules The Hague – Visby Rules apply to the contract of carriage under Article (1) (c) from the time when the goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship (Tackle to Tackle). iii) Hamburg Rules The Hamburg rules covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods at the port of loading during the carriage‚ and
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RULES GOVERNING SHIPMENT BY SEA: HAGUE RULES‚ HAGUE-VISBY RULES AND HAMBURG RULES The nature of the Hague-Visby Rules was discussed by the House of Lords in The Hollandia [1983] AC 565 (HL). The plaintiffs (shippers) shipped a piece of road-finishing machinery on board a Dutch vessel‚ ‘The Morviken’‚ belonging to the defendant carriers to Bonaire in the Dutch West Indies. The bill of lading issued in England limited the carriers liability to Dutch Florins 1‚250 ($250) which was less than the 10
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CHAPTER 1 APPLICATION OF THE RULES GENERALLY INDEX I. II. Introduction The Hague Rules 1) 2) III. The general principle of application Paramount clauses and the Hague Rules The Visby Rules 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) A brief history of the Visby Rules Hague/Visby Rules - a single document Visby Rules - force of law Paramount clause - Visby Rules Extent of application - Visby Rules IV. The Hague and Hague/Visby Rules 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) Contracts of common and private
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Statues 1. The Hague Rules 2. The Hague-Visby Rules 3. The Hamburg Rules 4. The Rotterdam Rules Commentary on the Rotterdam Rules Ⅰ Introduction: Background of the Rotterdam Rules It is known for quite a long time that there are no international conventions regulating multimodal transport which has been widely used in practise with the globalization of national economies and development of commercial system. Since the Hague Rules‚ Hague-Visby Rules and the Hamburg
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An Unwritten Rule There are many rules that are followed in society today‚ whether they have been around for hundreds of years‚ or just natural instincts of kindness. They are not usually things people would get punished for if they did not follow‚ they are more of an act of respect. Things like holding the door open for people behind you‚ saying please and thank you‚ or not eating until everyone at the table has their food. These rules mostly come from what is taught to children at young age‚
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* We should follow the rules so that we can maintain peace and organization within our society‚ economy‚ and even our country. Without rules no one would be able to work together. * Two different kinds of people can be heard to utter that question‚ "Why have rules?" One of them does not believe in rules; the other believes in rules and adds a few more words to the question‚ "Why have rules‚ if you are not going to enforce them?" I would like to examine both sides of this argument. Many people
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as Simple Rules’ and it was written by Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and Donald N.Sull. The aim is to show how the strategy of simple rule is used in complex business. Yahoo is the company that had successfully used simple rule strategy to be the internet’s top portal. Company can choose among three distinct approaches to strategy and it requires different skill sets and works best under different circumstances. There are five types of simple rules: how-to-rules‚ boundary rules‚ priority rules‚ timing rules
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Rules in society are meant to help the society prosper. After time‚ all rules in society come to the point where they no longer do any good. For this reason‚ rules in society are not needed because they separate people‚ control the thoughts and feelings of people‚ and are hard to right the wrongs. The first reason why rules in society are not needed is because they separate people when they should be uniting a society. One way this is done is through the rules themselves. For example‚ a society
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The involved parties of this case included Navigazione Montanari Spa and Trafigura Beheer BV. Navigazione Montanari Spa is the ship owner of the “Valle de Cordoba” (the “Vessel”)‚ also is the defendant of this case. Trafigura Beheer BV is the charterer of the ship for transport a cargo of premium motor spirit and also the case’s claimant. The background facts of this case happen due to Navigazione Montanari Spa charter the ship to Trafigura Beheer BV for the carriage of a consignment of premium motor
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