on international politics ever written by geographer’ (Sempa‚ 2009‚ p.14). What Mackinder called in 1904 the ‘Pivot area’; he subsequently called the ‘Heartland’ by 1919. The ‘heart’ of Mackinder’s theory is contained in a famous and concise dictum: Who rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland: Who rules the Heartland commands the
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can be a point of reference in comparing Sir Halford Mackinder ’s land power and Alfred Thayer Mahan ’s sea power. The idea of land power and sea power utterly illustrates the influence of geography in explaining a certain international phenomenon. By this‚ Mackinder and Mahan tried to project and explain their inclinations when it comes to who really has the upper hand in being the geographical pivot and the key to world power. According to Mackinder (1904)‚ in his article "The Geographical Pivot
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The key region‚ according to him was not the Heartland‚ but the area‚ that Mackinder called inner or marginal crescent. It was the Rimland region‚ consisting of of Western Europe countries‚ Middle East‚ Southwest Asia‚ China and Far East‚ that was key to domination of the larger Eurasian landmass (Petersen‚ 2011‚ p.27). In fact‚
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Who is more useful for understanding contemporary Geopolitics: Mackinder or Mahan? Use a major power to illustrate your points. In the current century that we live‚ the world is becoming a smaller place from the effects of technology and globalisation. In the 19th and 20th century‚ the theoretical works of Mahan and Mackinder were drivers of geopolitical thought. Both theorists’ have a similar framework where they studied political power‚ military strength and how they were affected by geographic
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CASE STUDY – HALFORDS 1) Consider whether Halfords’ HR objectives are SMART? SMART targets need to be ‘specific’‚ ‘measurable’‚ ‘agreed’‚ ‘realistic’ and ‘time-bound’. This allows for targets to appropriately suit the business and help it to work at maximum standards. ‘Ensure that employees have market-leading knowledge of a wide choice of products.’ This target can be seen at a glance to be unmeasurable due to the absence of qualitative measures or even anything to compare the employee’s knowledge
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geographical location is also the key element of the theory introduced by a British geographer‚ Sir Halfords John Mackinder at the turn of the 19th century. In his paper called "The Geographical Pivot of History"‚ he first introduced a formula ‘which shall express certain aspects‚ at any rate of geographical causation in universal history’ (Mackinder‚ 1904). The
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and people. Mackinder was interested in the geographic dimensions of military strategy. “Who rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland: Who rules the Heartland commands WorldIsland: Who rules World-Island commands the world.” Mackinder (1919: 104) He described the world as a closed system. Nothing could be altered without changing the balance of all‚ and rule of the world still rested upon force‚ notwithstanding the juridical assumptions of equality among sovereign states. Mackinder was strongly
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Section 1‚ Question 1 Geopolitics focuses on the politics of international relationships that are formed by geographical elements. It is the method of states regulating and fighting for territory. Geopolitical styles can be defined as classical‚ critical‚ and feminist. Classical geopolitics is the study of power relationships in the past‚ present‚ and future. The basics for classical geopolitics were created during the period of exploration and the need to see the world as unified‚ complete with
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which includes location‚ size‚ and resources of places. It tries to describe the relationship between geographic space‚ resources‚ and foreign policy. One of the most talented geographers and politicians who made this discipline evolve is Sir Halford John Mackinder. Through his researches and international work‚ he developed a geopolitical model that explains how a specific geography of the globe is depicting the world foreign policy. However‚ is there only one geopolitical model to describe the world
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1. The promotion of the acquisition of wealth through plunder‚ colonization‚ and the protection of home industries and foreign markets during Europe’s rebirth was called mercantilism 2. What ultimately proved to be the undoing of monarchical absolutism and its system of patronage during Europe’s rebirth? growing economic power of merchants 3. Which is not characteristic of unitary state governments? Concerned with fostering diversity of regional cultural expression 4. Nigeria is a state
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