the experiment was conducted‚ data that was found‚ and the importance of testing the hardness of materials. This experiment explains and proves how the hardness of materials can be increased by alloying and heat treating. Intro – Rockwell Hardness Testing Soft and hard qualities exist in materials. In materials‚ hardness measures the ability of a material to resist scratching‚ indentation‚ or penetration. Hardness cannot be expressed in terms of defined units; it is the result of a defined measurement
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Pennsylvania State University Lab Report on Experiment 10- The Chemistry of Natural Waters Introduction What is water hardness? Water is extremely important to all living things and even to non-living things‚ indirectly. Therefore‚ the way water travels and gets to a place is also extremely important because its transportation methods determine the chemicals that get involved and added into the water as it travels. This relates to the hardness of water. The hardness of water is basically caused by the
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COLLEGE OF TITLE: REMOVAL OF HARDNESS OF WATER USING PRECIPITATION AND COMPLEXATION METHODS. NAME: KWARTENG YAW PRINCE COURSE: BSC. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE YEAR: FIRST YEAR EXPERIMENT NO. : A.1.1.3. T.A.: BRIGHT KOFI LEONARD DATE: 7TH NOVEMBER‚ 2007. Aims and Objectives: 1. To describe water hardness. 2. To soften hard water in terms of the species involved
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Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from PSHS-IRC by Indirect Titration Researchers Anna Marie S. Cabatbat Crystal Jill R. Mangsat Jan Michael Maturan Charlene Lou A. Nicer Arian Paul D. Norcio Submitted to the Faculty of the Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Science and Technology Research 2 March 2013 ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness in terms of calcium carbonate
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The first lab we did was overall fascinating. Each station had something different to offer and revealed results that I would not have guessed. The exercise that profoundly stuck out to me the most was the “water tank‚” lab. The procedure of the lab was to shoot a red laser beam into the tank of water from three different directions. I first shot the laser from above the water surface‚ then from below‚ and finally from the side of the tank. Interestingly enough‚ each direction‚ the laser would bend
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Abstract: Water potential is the measure of free energy of water in a solution. The purpose of this lab was to find the water potential of a potato cell. The problem of this lab was‚ if there was a high molarity of solute‚ would it have a positive or negative water potential? The hypothesis of the experiment was‚ if there is a high molarity of solute then the water potential would be lower or negative. After obtaining potatoes‚ we cut them into pieces‚ weighed them‚ and then placed them in a solution
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Station #1: Water and Ice Station Observations on a frozen and a normal can of soda being placed in a pool of water: The normal can of soda Is alright The frozen can of soda Is compressed Observations on Ice cubes being poured in ethanol: Ice cube in ethanol The ice cube floated Ice cube in water The ice cube sank Station #2 Cohesive properties of Water Observations on waters cohesive properties using a paper clip and a coin: Paper clip The paper clip stayed on top for a few
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Water Wheel Work‚ Power‚ and Efficiency Pre-Lab Preparation: Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to create an efficient water wheel that would produce a productive time in lifting the cup of nuts and bolts that was attached to the pipe used in rotating out water wheel. The more efficient our wheel was the better the time we would have in lifting our cup. We were then able to observe the work that was needed to turn the axel‚ the time that is taken to bring the cup of washers to the axel‚ and
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Lab Title: "The Effect of Salt on the Boiling Point of Water" Lab Question: How does adding salt to water affects it’s boiling point? Prediction : In this paper‚ a newly proposed model based on solvation between pure solvent and salt for prediction of salt effect on vapor–liquid equilibria is presented by using only the vapor pressure depression data of pure solvent+salt systems that compose the mixed solvent with salt system Materials : 200 mL of distilled water‚ 2 beakers
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Water Testing Lab Conclusion In this lab‚ chemical tests were used to check for the presence of calcium‚ chloride‚ and sulfate ions in water samples. To do this‚ the testers started with five samples: a reference‚ a sample of only the chemical being tested for‚ a control‚ distilled water‚ two home water samples‚ and a school water sample. To test for the ions in the water‚ a chemical that would react with the ion and create a precipitate was added. If the precipitate was not easily visible‚ a
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