during heat treatments. Abstract In this experiment‚ we observed how the properties of plain carbon steel vary with the heat treatment condition. We prepared six different samples in three different heat treatment configurations and performed hardness tests on them by using the Rockwell tester and observed the microscopic using optical microscope. Based on the optical microscope observation‚ we found that the crack is appeared at the tempering stage‚ because the grain size is larger compared at
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knowledge of casting ball proportion‚ size‚ materials and hardness can help to improve work efficiency. For grinding steel ball is the main grinding medium in ball mill equipment. The larger proportion and bigger size the ball has‚ the stronger the impact is. The better wear resistance and higher hardness of steel ball‚ the stronger grinding ability the ball has. Large proportion and large size steel balls should be added to grind high hardness and dense structure mines. To effectively grind the small
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CO2(g) + H2O(l) + MgCO3(s) Boiling the water causes the precipitation of solid calcium carbonate or solid magnesium carbonate. This removes the calcium ions or magnesium ions from the water and so removes the hardness. Therefore‚ hardness due to Hydrogen Carbonates is said to be temporary. Calcium sulphate is slightly soluble in water when a river flows over Gypsum; it dissolves some of the rock. Therefore calcium gets into the water. How hard and soft water react with
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LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY School of Engineering‚ Technology and Maritime Operations COLD WORKING OF METALS Author: Student No: Module Code: Module title: Date: S. S. Hlongwane 508450 5065ENG Materials 31/10/2011 5065ENG COLD WORKING OF METALS REPORT CONTENTS S.S. HLONGWANE 508450 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 1.2 BACKGROUND ......................
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PRE-LAB QUESTIONS: 1) What cations are responsible for water hardness? Ca2+ and Mg2+ are responsible for water hardness 2) Calculate the mass of disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate required to prepare 250 mL of a 0.010 M solution. Mass = M x L x MM 0.010 M x 0.250 L x 372.24 g/mol = 0.93g of Na2H2Y 3) What is the molar concentration of the Na2H2Y solution? mol Ca = M x L 0.0107 M x 0.025 L = 2.65 x 10-4 mol if 1 mol of Ca = 1 mol Na2H2Y then: M of Na2H2Y = mol / L 2
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for you‚ and because soft water leaves a “dry” taste in one’s mouth (1‚2). Big businesses and even everyday water users are concerned about the hardness of their water. It takes more soap to create suds in hard water‚ which contributes to “scaling in industrial equipment”(4). Hard water can be both a benefit and a burden in different areas. Water hardness is usually measured in grains per gallon (gpg)‚ on a scale from 0 to more than 10.5‚ or in ppm (mg/L)‚ from 0 to more than 1‚000. About 85% of
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face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities‚ most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms. In particular‚ diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any bulk material. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE: - . Diamond is less stable than graphite‚ but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at ambient conditions. Other specialized applications also exist or
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copper and mild steel are penetrated by the indentation steel ball to create different indentations on each of them. The diameters of the indentions allow us to obtain the Brinell Hardness number to predict the hardest and the softest material among them. The experimental data would also allow us to compare the hardness measured with the other published results from other
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Hardness is usually measured on Mohs hardness scale. The scale is measured from one to ten‚ with one being the softest and 10 being the hardness . All kinds of quartz have a hardness of seven. Because citrine is in the quartz family‚ it has a hardness of seven.Minerals that break along smooth flat surfaces have cleavage. Cleavage is determined by the arrangement of mineral’s
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Measurement of hardness is a useful non-destructive testing method used to determine the applicability of the crystal in the device fabrication. Microhardness study was carried out on 2PPA single crystal using a Vickers microhardness tester fitted with a Vickers diamond pyramidal indenter in order to evaluate its mechanical stability. The static indentations were made at room temperature and 323 K with a constant indentation time of 5 s for all indentations. As grown polished sample of 2PPA was used
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