CONTENTS Introduction of bonds……………………………………………..01 Characteristics of Bonds…………………………………………01 Types of Bonds…………………………………………………… 06 Bonds Market……………………………………………………… 08 Introduction of Pakistan bond market……………...................08 How Bonds Trade……………………………………………….….09 Bond Price Variations……………………………………………..09 Bond valuation…………………………………………..................09 Types of bonds trade in Pakistan……………………………….10 Government Debt Securities……………………………………..10 Characteristics of MTBs and PIBs………………………………12
Premium Bond Bonds
Effects of Leadership in the Management Strategies of Merck and Company‚ Inc. Rana Satnani MGT-330 Management: Theory‚ Practice‚ and Application. July 2‚ 2010 Carolyn Harrison There lies a division in the business world between managers who “do things right” and leaders who “do the right things” (Bennis‚ 2007‚ p. 13). The primary difference between good managers and fantastic leaders is the ability to take risks and make independent decisions. Ethical leadership is more important today than
Premium Leadership Management Business ethics
First of all‚ when we speak about inflation‚ we should make clear what is the exact defination of it. Inflation is one of the most important economic concepts. At its most basic level‚ inflation is simply a rise in prices. Over time‚ as the cost of goods and services increases‚ the value of for example of a dollar is going to go down because you won’t be able to purchase as much with that dollar as you could have last month or last year. When the purchasing power of a currency starts to decline
Premium Inflation
The Harvard Management Co. and Inflation-Protected Bonds TIPS and Risk Management: How can you combine regular (nominal) Treasuries and TIPS to build a hedge portfolio that has exposure to inflation risk‚ but not to real interest risk? To hedge bond portfolio that has exposure to inflation risk‚ one could simultaneously take long positions in TIPS and short positions in nominal Treasuries with equivalent terms to maturity. To be specific‚ if the inflation increases‚ TIPS are likely to outperform
Premium Investment Bonds
(b) Assess how monetary policy can be used to maintain a target of low inflation and currency stability in emerging markets? According to Jahan (2012)‚ monetary policy is the manner where the monetary authority uses to control the supply of the currency. The monetary policy objective of controlling the interest rate also takes an important role when government and monetary authority are dealing with the inflation (Shen‚ 2013‚ pp.199). The monetary authority usually is central bank with a certain
Premium Inflation
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2002-03 An online publication by Chapter 1. Growth and Investment 1. Growth and Investment The outgoing fiscal year 2002-03 has region are expected to be the star performers with witnessed a sharp recovery in economic growth growth exceeding 6.0 percent. With the exception accompanied by equally impressive performance of Thailand‚ the other ASEAN countries are of agriculture and large-scale manufacturing. projected to grow by less than
Premium Gross domestic product Economic growth Investment
Bonds and Their Valuation After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • List the four main classifications of bonds and differentiate among them. • Identify the key characteristics common to all bonds. • Calculate the value of a bond with annual or semiannual interest payments. • Explain why the market value of an outstanding fixed-rate bond will fall when interest rates rise on new bonds of equal risk‚ or vice versa. • Calculate the current yield
Premium Bond Bonds
perpetual bond is currently selling for RS. 95/-. The coupon rate of interest is 13.5%. The approximate discount rate is 15%. The value of the bond and the YTM is: (a) Rs. 90/- and 14.2% Value is (13.5*15%=90) and YTM is ((13.5/95)*100=14.21%) (b) Rs. 100/- and 13.5% (c) Rs. 90 and 15% (d) Rs. 90/- and 13.5% 902. In 2001‚ Meridian Ltd. has issued bonds of Rs. 10‚000/-each due in 2011 with a 14% per annum coupon rate payable at the end of each year during the life of the bond. If the required
Premium Bond Bonds
NAME: MASSAWE BARAKA‚ REG. NO: 2010-04-03894. 12 FINANCE 202 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT UDBS Consider a 10 year bond that has a face value shs 1000‚ a coupon rate of 6% and pays interest once a year. (a)Suppose person A bought this bond at par when it was initially issued and sold it 1 year later to person B for shs 1024.What is B’s total return? Soln Total return =[ Interest paid +(selling price – buying price)]/buying price Given; Annual interest paid = coupon rate x par value‚ coupon
Premium Rate of return Interest Time value of money
Background Established in 1965 PepsiCo created in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay In 1997‚ publicly traded company to focus PepsiCo on food and beverages. The world’s largest snack and beverage company in 2006 In 2006‚ PepsiCo has approximately $35billion net revenue The company is broken into four business divisions: ◦ Frito-lay North America Frito-Lay North America manufactures‚ markets‚ sells and distributes salty and sweet snacks. Products manufactured and
Premium Frito-Lay