ALCAR approach: the Alcar Group Inc. a management education and software company‚ developed an approach to VBM which is based on discounted cash flow analysis Determinants of shareholder value: according to Alfred Rappaport author of creating share holder value; a guide to managers and investors‚ who is regarded as father of share holder value‚ the following seven factors called “value drivers” affect shareholder value 1. Rate of sales growth 2. Operating profit margin 3. Income tax rate 4. Investment
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Humanistic The humanistic approach studies the whole of an individual including their uniqueness. Psychologists look at a human’s behaviour not only through the eyes of the observer‚ but also through the eyes of the individual displaying the behaviour. Psychologists believe that an individual’s behaviour is connected to their feelings and self-concept. The humanistic theory focuses on reinforcement of stimulus-response behaviour. The hierarchy of needs is one of the best known theories of motivation
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Management Approach ------------------------------------------------- PERFORMANCE Overview and Strategy PepsiCo has the world’s largest portfolio of billion-dollar food and beverage brands‚ including 22 different brands that each generate more than $1 billion in annual retail sales. As well as our core brands—Pepsi-Cola‚ Lay’s‚ Quaker Oats‚ Tropicana and Gatorade—we make hundreds of other nutritious and delicious‚ convenient and fun foods and drinks that bring joy to our consumers in more than
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assumptions of MM approach? Ans. Assumption of the MM approach The MM approach to irrelevance of dividend is based on the following assumptions: * The capital markets are perfect and the investors behave rationally. * All information is freely available to all the investors. * There is no transaction cost. * Securities are divisible and can be split into any fraction. No investor can affect the market price. * There are no taxes and no flotation cost. * The firm has a defined investment
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The sensemaking approach is when people or an organization offer a meaning to an experience by making sense of it. It is how they structure things that they don’t know‚ in order to take action on it. When people experience change‚ they face a gap between their expectations and their counterpart experiences‚ and they start to communicate and act in a systematic and structured way in order to make sense of what is happening. According to Fairhurst and Sarr (1996‚ cited in Bean and Hamilton‚ 2006) “To
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laws) resulting in meaningfulness. From the earliest moments of recorded human consciousness‚ the ethical discipline has exhibited four fundamental "approaches" These four approaches are often called "ethical decision-making frameworks:" Utilitarian Ethics (outcome based)‚ Deontological Ethics (duty based)‚ Virtue Ethics (virtue based) and Communitarian Ethics (community based). Each has a distinctive point of departure as well as distinctive ways of doing the fundamental ethical task of raising and
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itself. 4. An enhancement of the learner’s own personal experiences as important contributing elements to classroom learning. 5. An attempt to link classroom language learning with language activities outside the classroom. The Communicative Approach emphasizes that the ability to use language appropriately is another essential aspect of communicative competence. The principle applied here is that grammatical competence and lexical knowledge are not enough to enable students to operate efficiently
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A holistic approach When I was a young girl I always wanted to help people. Whenever I would get an opportunity to help my mom or my grandma I would not hesitate to jump right in and assist with whatever it was they needed help with. I remember the first time someone asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up and I replied “I want to be a nurse like my mom”. As I entered my teenage years‚ I was introduced to holistic healing by my stepmom whom had an affinity for anything that was related to the
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Holistic approach: Meaning: Holistic approach to patient care incorporates the mental‚ emotional‚ physical and spiritual health of the individual. It explores the connection between mind‚ body‚ spirit and environment. Holistic healing includes a wide range of therapies with inherently complex philosophies about the prevention and treatment of illness. Questions still exist as to the safety of complementary and alternative medicine (otherwise known as CAM)‚ which are an integral part of holistic
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to problems as they arise. Resourcefulness. The ability to solve problems in unique ways‚ to be able to handle things that come even without having previous experience to rely on as a guide. Personal relations. The successful entrepreneur usually has an emotionally stable personality‚ is cheerful‚ cooperative‚ and usually gets along well with (without necessarily being close to) employees and associates. Communication skills are well developed‚ both in oral and written presentations. Technical
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