around the world‚ differ in many aspects to experiments that although produce the same end product‚ are done on a much larger scale in industry. The aspects they may differ in are equipment‚ time taken‚ and many other things. In this report I will explain how and why laboratory and industrial scale differ using the example of preparation of aspirin. The first difference is that instead of weighing the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid on scales on a work bench in a beaker as you would in small scale‚ it is easier
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Published 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced‚ transcribed‚ translated in any other language‚ stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means‚ electronic‚ mechanical‚ magnetic‚ chemical‚ photocopying‚ recording‚ manual or otherwise‚ without the prior permission of the publisher. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface ... Acknowledgement ... ... ... … … … iii ... ... ... … … … iv … 1 Survey of Small and Medium Scale Industries
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The economies and diseconomies of scale Profit is the most important issue for a business‚ how to exploit the opportunities and maximize the profit has long been the top priority of the competition. Since the profit is simply the result by subtracting the expense from income‚ how to balance the relationship between input and output can be crucial and conclusive to a firm’s competitiveness and development. This essay will
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Economies and diseconomies of scale Economies of scale are advantages that arise for a firm because of its larger size‚ or scale of operation. These advantages translate into lower unit costs (or improved (productive efficiency)‚ although some economies of scale are not so easy to quantify. The main kinds of Economies of Scale are: Bulk- Wholesale is selling goods in tremendous quantities at a low unit price to retail merchants. The wholesaler will accept a slightly lower sales price for each unit
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Name___________________________________ ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 1) For each of the following changes‚ show the effect on the demand curve and state what will happen to market equilibrium price and quantity in the short run. a. Consumers expect that the price of the good will be higher in the future. b. The price of a substitute good rises. c. Consumer incomes fall‚ and the good is normal. d. Consumer incomes fall‚ and the good
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discipline of business history in particular‚ is profound and lasting. Widely considered to have been the world’s leading historian of the industrial corporation. The purposes of chandler’s studies are not to theorize but to provide an explanation regarding the evolution of business; theories are developed by others using information pertaining to his research. However‚ his monumental works‚ such as “Pierre S. Du Pont and the making of the Modern Corporation”‚ Strategy and Structure‚ The Visible Hand
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE AND ECONOMIES OF SCOPE Economies of scale are reductions in average costs attributable to production volume increases. They typically are defined in relation to firms‚ which may seek to achieve economies of scale by becoming large or even dominant producers of a particular type of product or service. A distinction can be made between internal and external economies of scales. Internal economies of scale occur when a firm reduces costs by increasing production. External economies
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Small Scale Business Small Scale Businesses help every economy to achieve industrial growth and industrial diversification. Small Scale Business Enterprises are mainly of four different categories: 1.Small Scale Industrial Undertaking A Business Enterprise will be called Small Scale Business Undertaking if Investment in Fixed Assets‚ in Plant and Machinery‚ whether held on Ownership basis or on Lease or on Hire Purchase does not exceed 10 million Rupees and it is in no way owned‚ controlled
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SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA: THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS. By Abiodun Fatai1 Department of Political Science‚ Faculty of Social Sciences Lagos State University‚ Ojo‚ Lagos Nigeria. ABSTRACT Small and medium scale enterprises have long believed to be catalysts for economic growth and national development both in developed and developing countries. In Nigeria where private sector is not well developed SME is assumed to play the role of employment generation‚ facilitator of economic
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Financing small scale business enterprises CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY Over the years‚ it has become fashionable for successive government to come up with one economic policy or the other in a bid to bring about improvement in the nation during her regime. The then military administrator in the year 1986 while in power introduced an economic program called Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which was foisted on Nigerians as an alternative to IMF/World Bank loan
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