Student Study Guide for Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers’ Criminological Theories: Introduction‚ Evaluation‚ and Applications Fourth Edition Prepared by Eric See Youngstown State University Roxbury Publishing Company Los Angeles‚ California 1 Student Study Guide by Eric See for Criminological Theories: Introduction‚ Evaluation‚ and Application ‚ 4th Edition by Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers Copyright © 2004 Roxbury Publishing Company‚ Los Angeles‚ California
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mathematics and physics takes the order of linearity and shows how it relates to the unpredictability of the world around us. It is called Chaos Theory. The secular definition of chaos can be misleading when the word is used in a scientific context. As defined by Webster’s dictionary chaos is total disorder. That may lead one to believe that chaos theory is indeed the study of total disorder‚ which it truly is not. In 1986 at a prestigious conference on Chaos another definition for chaos was introduced
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cognitive engagement‚ which he defines as “voluntary uses of high-level self-regulated learning strategies‚ such as paying attention‚ connection‚ planning‚ and monitoring”. 2.0 MOTIVATION THEORIES 2.1 Maslow Theory In 1954‚ Maslow published Motivation and Personality‚ which introduced this theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work. He postulated‚ based on his
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Theory of Parabolas By Amergin McDavid A parabola is designed on a basic formula‚ Y=ax^2+bx+c‚ which allows it to achieve a curve not seen in a normal line graphed using a Y=mx+b format. To the left is a graph who’s formula is y=x^2‚ where a=1‚ b=0‚ and c=0. I have isolated the (a) factor to see its effects on the parabola. Below is a graph where I have changed the (a) multiple times. The result is that as the (a) decreases‚ the mouth of the parabola widens due to the fact that (a) is essentially
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models and theories. From the turn of the 20th Century‚ the need for a formal management theory was growing evident; organisations required a system to guide managers in an attempt to improve productivity and efficiency of workers. This urgency for a theory saw the development of six major management approaches‚ the focus of this essay will be on two of the classical management theories; the scientific management theory and the human relations movement. The contributions of both these theories will be
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Equity Theory of Motivation The equity theory of motivation is used to describe the relationship between the employees perception of how fairly is he being treated and how hard he is motivated to work Motivation is the activation of an energized goal-oriented behavior. Everyone takes up a job as they are motivated by some factor or the other. Some are motivated by the challenge they will face in carrying out their job‚ some are motivated by the level of fame they may earn‚ others and
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Green’s theorem reinterpreted We begin with the situation obtained in Section 12C for a region R in R2 . With the positive orientation for bdR‚ we have ∂f dxdy = ∂x R f dy‚ bdR ∂g dxdy = − ∂y R gdx. bdR We now consider a vector field F = (F1 ‚ F2 ) on R‚ and we obtain from Green’s theorem ∂F1 ∂F2 + ∂x ∂y R dxdy = F1 dy − F2 dx. bdR (Notice if we were thinking in terms of Stokes’ theorem‚ we would put the minus sign on the left side instead of the right.) We
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THE HOLLOW MOON THEORY Have you ever considered that maybe the moon isn’t exactly what it seems? It has been decided that the moon ended up where it is as a result of a collision with earth and another planet before the solar system was fully formed. There are many different conspiracy theories floating around out there that try and disprove this idea. One of the many theories regarding the moon is the Hollow Moon Theory. It may be hard to believe that anything other than science is in play here
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systems theory. To develop the early theories of family therapy‚ theorists frequently simply modified older theories to fit their newly developed systems paradigm. These modifications changed their unit of analysis from the individual to the family. Kerr and Bowen (1988) summarize this by asserting‚“Family systems theory radically departed from previous theories of human emotion functioning by virtue of its conceptualization of the family as an emotional unit” (p. viii). Bowen’s theory was a grand
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Two important personality theories are the biological theory and the humanistic theory. The biological theory is based on the premise that all people inherit their characteristics from their family. This theory basically contends that people do not have control over their behaviors because they are genetically pre-determined. The humanistic theory‚ on the other hand‚ is based on the premise that each person has free will to control their actions. This theory does not go along with the idea that behaviors
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