Spark in I.C. Engine Abstract It is very interesting to know about complete combustion in automobile engineering‚ because in actual practice‚ perfect combustion is not at all possible due to various losses in the combustion chamber as well as design of the internal combustion engine. Moreover the process of burning of the fuel is also not instantaneous. However an alternate solution to it is by making the combustion of fuel as fast as possible. This can be done by using two spark plugs which
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1964. Printed in Great Britain HEAT TRANSFER IN AN ANNULUS WITH VARIABLE CIRCUMFERENTIAL HEAT FLUX? W. A. SUTHERLAND: and W. M. KAYS§ (Received 10 March 1964) Abstract-An analysis of heat transfer in a concentric circular tube annulus with an arbitrarily prescribed heat flux around the periphery of either wall‚ or both walls‚ is presented. Solutions have been obtained for the hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed condition for constant heat rate per unit of tube length‚ for
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EXPERIMENT 5 REDOX TITRATION: TITRATION USING SODIUM THIOSULPHATE Objectives 1. 2. To prepare a standard solution of potassium iodate for use to determine the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution accurately. To acquire the proper techniques of carrying out a titration. Introduction Redox titrations using sodium thiosulphate as a reducing agent is known as iodometric titration since it is used specifically to titrate iodine. The reaction involved is: I2 + 2Na2S2O3 I2 + 2S2O322NaI + Na2S4O6
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Experiment : 1 Tittle : Preparation of bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) complex Objective : To synthesis the bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) complex Introduction : A complex ion is usually form with high charge density metal ion as a central and formation of coordinate covalent bond (dative bond) with high electron molecules or ions. These molecules or ions are functioning as ligands (electrophile in organic compounds). They are easily attracted by electrophile (electron deficiency
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DEFINITION OF HEAT TRANSFER | Heat transfer is energy in transit due to temperature difference . Whenever there exists a temperature difference in a medium or between media‚ heat transfer must occur. The basic requirement for heat transfer is the presence of temperature difference . There can be no net heat transfer between two mediums that are at the same temperature. The temperature difference is the driving force for heat transfer‚ just as the voltage difference is the driving force for electric
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Heat Exchanger Network Design for the Cumene Process | C.A.K.E. Because We’re Just that Delicious Iowa State University Ames IA‚ 50010 | Crego‚ Courtney LHines‚ KirkMonterrubio‚ AmyToohey‚ Erin | Abstract Often a major consideration of a chemical process plant is the high cost of utilities used for heating and cooling of process streams. Heat integration of process streams is an effective way to reduce the cost of these utilities‚ and this process is often referred to as a MUMNE (minimum
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Heat of Neutralization Lab Objective: The objective of this lab was to measure‚ using a calorimeter‚ the energy changes accompanying neutralization reactions. Background: Chemical changes are always accompanied by a change in energy‚ typically as heat. If the reaction releases heat (ΔH < 0) then the reaction is exothermic. If the reaction absorbs heat (ΔH > 0) then the reaction is endothermic. The quantity of heat is measured experimentally by having the reaction take place in an insulated container called a
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Techniques of Waste Heat Recovery Waste heat recovery is being more used more and more often today as it is becoming more effective‚ due to increasing energy prices‚ technological developments and a decrease in equipment costs. Heat recovery can be classified into three main strategies: recycling energy back into the process‚ recovering the energy for other onsite use and using it to generate electricity in combined heat and power systems. Once the system has been made as efficient as possible before
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FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS Heat transfer is energy in transit‚ which occurs as a result of temperature gradient or difference. This temperature difference is thought of as a driving force that causes heat to flow. The concepts of heat transfer and temperature‚ the key words in the discipline of heat transfer‚ are 2 of the most basic concepts of thermodynamics. dffffffffff rifffff orfff ffffffffff fv ing ff ce Rate of transport process= fffffffffff or rate = coefficient B driving force resist
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of the metal was determined by the heat energy calculations. The heat capacity that was found matched closely to that of the lead. There were several possible sources of error that could be found throughout the lab. Some of the main errors as seen in question 7 that could have affected the results of the lab were the amount of water transferred with the hot metal‚ the metal cooling off as it was transferred from the calorimeter‚ the calorimeter lost heat to the surroundings as it was stirred
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