first heated under reflux to produce the necessary Grignard reagent as a grey liquid. It was then reacted with diethyl carbonate and hydrochloric acid to produce crystal violet. The resulting chemical was very absorbent to polypropylene and bleached cotton fabrics. Introduction: In this experiment a Grignard reaction is performed with a Grignard reagent acting as the nucleophile1. Grignard reactions are very useful for the substitution of compounds containing magnesium
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amount of desired product yield. First‚ if not enough acid catalyst was used‚ protonation of the carbonyl group on the carboxylic acid would have been difficult to obtain. Second‚ if the temperature was too high in heating the mixture‚ some of the product could have been lost during the reflux
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Engineers study the properties of materials to help choose the right kind of materials for a specific application. After material is chosen‚ one way to improve upon its properties is to apply heat treatment processes. A heat treatment involves rapid heating or cooling of a metal or alloy at extreme temperatures. For decades‚ engineers obtain desirable strength and hardness by austenitizing the steel and then quenching it to form martensitic structure. After fully converting to martensitic‚ steels are
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Unit 2 Home Labs Goals: • Read Safety • Perform Changes: Physical or Chemical Lab • Perform Special Physical Properties of Matter Lab • Perform Paper Chromatography Lab Turn-in: 1) Changes: Physical or Chemical Lab - Completed Procedure / Observations‚ questions‚ and a written description of most important concept that you learned in the discussion section. 2) Special Physical Properties of Matter Lab – Completed Procedure / Observations‚ questions‚ and
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quicklime and slaked lime. Calcium carbonate occurs in nature as limestone in various forms‚ such as marble‚ chalk and coral. It is produced either as powdered or precipitated calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and CO2 on heating. Treatment with dilute mineral acids produces corresponding calcium salts with liberation of CO2: CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2(g) In this experiment‚ the mineral acid is added in excess to the calcium carbonate and
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Will Honey Flow At A Quicker Pace When Temperature Is Increased? Hypothesis: Honey will flow quicker when heated. Aim: To discover whether honey will flow at a quicker pace when temperature is increased. Equipment: 500g Homebrand Woolworths Australian Honey Chopping Board Something to rest chopping board on (to create a ramp) Newspaper Tea Towel Stopwatch 2 plates 3 teaspoons Microwaveable Mug Risk Analysis: Hazard Risk How to Minimise Risk Hot Honey Burns Handle any hot equipment
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Investigation and Preparation of Esterification Lab Introduction Esters are classified as organic compounds commonly derived from carboxylic acids. They are compounded from the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid to be used as a catalyst. The formula that represents an ester is R-COO-R where both Rs’ are alkyl groups‚ one which is bonded to an oxygen‚ and the other to a carbon which is double bonded to 1 oxygen and single bonded to the other. Esters
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Unit II Test Review Chapter 4 BB Notes Cells Under the Microscope Cells are microscopic in size. Although a light microscope allows you to see cells‚ it cannot make out the detail that an electron microscope can. The overall size of a cell is regulated by the surface-area-to-volume ratio. 4.2 The Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is a phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipid bilayer regulates the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell. The
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Joe Schmoe Period 3 March 8‚ 2013 Lab Report: Empirical Formula of Zinc Chloride (ZnCl) * Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to determine the empirical formula. Empirical means “based on experimental evidence.” * Experimental Design The reaction that occurred was the reaction of the elements Zinc (Zn) and Chloride (Cl) by mixing a piece(s) of Zinc and 50mL of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). The amount of Zinc was determined to be between 1.00g and 1.25g. As the reaction
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Since the Grignard reagent can easily react with water‚ all glassware including the 25 ml round bottom flask‚ magnetic stir bar‚ 3 and 5 ml conical vial‚ 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask‚ claisen adapter‚ drying tube and 5 glass pasteur pipets were first added to a 250mL beaker and placed in the oven for 30 minutes. After the completion of the thirty minutes‚ 0.150 g of shiny magnesium turnings and a stir bar was first added to the round bottom flask and the claisen adapter along with the drying tube packed
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