around the world owing to increased inflation and the oil shock. Export Houses struggled to cope with the uncertainty in profits‚ cash flows and future costs. It was then that financial derivative – foreign currency‚ interest rate‚ and commodity derivatives emerged as means of managing risks facing corporations. In India‚ exchange rates were deregulated and were allowed to be determined by markets in 1993. The economic liberalization of the early nineties facilitated the introduction of derivatives
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Derivatives and Hedging Assignment: Hedging Strategy comprised of GM stock and 3.5% is comprised of Ford stock. Assume that GM and Ford are the only automobile industry holdings in the portfolio. Assume that you are bearish on the automobile industry over the next six months and neutral to bullish on all other industries. Utilizing derivatives create a hedging strategy to protect the portfolio over the next six months from your bearish automobile industry outlook. Risk management is defined
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What is GM’s foreign exchange hedging policy? GM’s foreign exchange hedging policy has three primary objectives. Its first objective is to reduce cash flow and earnings volatility. Specifically‚ management hedges the company’s transaction exposures and consciously ignores any balance sheet exposures (translation exposures). Second‚ GM aims to minimize the management time and costs dedicated to global FX management. The company employs a passive FX management strategy since an internal study
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Exposure risk managers can hedge exchange rate risk with either currency futures or currency options. It is generally suggested that hedgers should choose a hedge instrument that matches the risk profile of the underlying currency position as closely as possible. This advice‚ however‚ ignores the possibility that the hedging effectiveness may differ for the alternate risk management tools. This study compares the effectiveness of currency futures and currency options as hedging instruments for
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Case Questions for MGM 828‚ Fall 2012 Case 1: The Euro in Crisis a) Evaluate the European Central Bank’s (ECB) response to the financial crisis of 2008-2010. What was their analysis of the problem? b) The ECB responded less aggressively than the US Federal Reserve to the crisis. Why? c) In May 2010‚ should the ECB agree to purchase Greek sovereign debt? Case 2: Foreign Ownership of US Treasury Securities a) Why is foreign ownership of US Treasury securities rising? It is more interesting
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Foreign Exchange Risk: Pricing and Hedging Exotic Instruments Foreign Exchange Risk: Pricing and Hedging Exotic Instruments Delia Pirnog1 Master of Advanced Studies in Finance Eidgen¨ssische Technische Hochschule / Universit¨t Z¨rich‚ o a u Schweiz Abstract This project discusses exotic instruments used in the Foreign Exchange(FX) markets. An overview of the most popular exotic derivatives is presented‚ followed by the pricing alternatives of these securities. Hedging methods using static
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aim of influencing exchange rates. It is the process by which the monetary authorities attempt to influence market conditions and/or the value of the home currency on the foreign exchange market. Intervention usually aims to promote stability by countering disorderly markets‚ or in response to special circumstances. In Japan‚ the Minister of Finance is legally authorized to conduct intervention as a means to achieve foreign exchange rate stability. In the United States‚ the Government and Federal Reserve
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foreign exchange exposures due to fluctuations in the values of currencies; to manage this problem it has adopted a passive hedging policy and aims to reduce the impact of foreign exchange exposures on the business. The first part of this report outlines the various types of foreign exchange exposures that GM can subject itself to and also outlines what methods can be used to reduce the risk associated with changes in the value of currencies; the policies adopted by GM are then outlined and the strategic
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Dozier Hedging Alternatives Forward Market Hedge: Dozier would purchase U.S. dollars under a forward contract. The contract would obligate Dozier to pay £1‚057‚500 in exchange for £1‚057‚500 x 1.4198 $/£ = $1‚501‚438.50 assuming the transaction was at the quoted 3-month forward rate in Exhibit 4. Relative to the value of the contract at the current exchange rate‚ £1‚057‚500 x 1.4370 $/£ = $1‚519‚627.50 Dozier would accepting a reduction in the revenue from the contract of $1‚519
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5 Hedging Interest-Rate Risk with Duration Before implementing any kind of hedging method against the interest-rate risk‚ we need to understand how bond prices change‚ given a change in interest rates. This is critical to successful bond management. 5.1 Basics of Interest-Rate Risk: Qualitative Insights The basics of bond price movements as a result of interest-rate changes are perhaps best summarized by the five theorems on the relationship between bond prices and yields. As an illustration
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