calculate the happiness of a moral decision called “Hedonic Calculus”. I personally disagree with the claim that ‘Utilitarianism is unsatisfactory as a theory of ethics” although Utilitarianism has some flaws‚ the benefits and advantages of using Utilitarianism in most situations outweighs the disadvantages it has. Some critics say that Utilitarianism is unsatisfactory as a theory of ethics as it has many disadvantages. First of all‚ the Hedonic relies on knowledge of the consequences for an accurate
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In what ways did John Stuart Mill’s version of utilitarianism differ from that of Jeremy Bentham? Which do you consider preferable? The Cambridge International Dictionary of English defines utilitarianism as "the system of thought which states that the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one which most benefits the most people". This is the main idea of the system of thought and it is from this the beliefs and opinions of John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873)‚ Jeremy Bentham (1748
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What are the main features of Utilitarianism as an ethical theory? (10 marks) Examine and consider criticisms that have been made against Utilitarianism. (10 marks) Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that pivots around the belief that morality should be judged by consequence and the way in which an action can be deemed moral or immoral‚ depends upon the number to which it brings the greatest happiness. A decision can be defined as ethically correct under the theory of Utilitarianism if the moral
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Introduction Virtue ethics is a theory used to make moral decisions. It does not rely on religion‚ society or culture; it only depends on the individuals themselves. The main philosopher of Virtue Ethics is Aristotle. His theory was originally introduced in ancient Greek times. Aristotle was a great believer in virtues and the meaning of virtue to him meant being able to fulfil one’s functions. Virtue ethics is not so much interested in the question ’What should I do?’ but rather in the
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Steven Miller Phl 3221 Professor Tapp 5/24/2007 Utilitarianism Look at the Titanic When engineers design a product many things go in to the decision making process when it comes to selecting materials‚ design‚ and the manufacturing processes. One concern that has always been in the decision making process is trying to make sure the outcome will always be ethically good‚ although this isn’t always the case. Try as they might‚ no person is perfect‚ and accidents do happen. When engineering disasters
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over suffering. (Waller‚ 2008‚ p. 50) According to utilitarian John Stuart Mill‚ “Actions are right as they tend to promote happiness‚ wrong as they tend to produce pain or the reverse of happiness.” (Defining Utilitarianism) Jeremy Bentham’s Hedonic Calculus of utilitarian ethics states that we should always try to perform that act that leads to the greatest pleasure. “This raises the question as to how we are to quantify pleasure; if we cannot put a value on the quantity of pleasure that an act
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pain and pleasure. “The world has placed us under the governance of two sovereign masters. Happiness which is the `sovereign good’ and pain which is the `sovereign evil”. Therefore he created a calculus to judge the amount of pain and pleasure that a certain act brings about‚ it’s known as the Hedonic Calculus. Bentham’s Utilitarianism is known as ‘Act’‚ which is based on the reasoning that no action is intrinsically right or wrong. It depends on the individual‚ the circumstances and most importantly
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consequences. No act is intrusively right or wrong; but only in virtue of its consequences. Bentham focuses on increasing total quality of pleasure. How does one measure the quality of pleasure produced by the actions? Bentham’s answer: Perform the hedonic calculus Also known as hedons. John Stuart Mill- Revised Utilitarianism 1. Distinguishes between quantity and quality(with respect to pleasure) Higher quality-Rational intellectual pleasure Lower quality- Bodily pleasure Better to be a man
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two sovereign masters‚ pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do as well as what we shall do. This is when the hedonic calculus came into the equation. Its purpose is to weigh up pain and pleasure generated by the available moral actions to find the best option. There are 7 factors that needs to be considered in this calculus before making the decision‚
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Explain the main characteristics of conversion and mystical experiences A conversion experience is a religious experience that causes an altered view of the world and one’s personal place in it. Conversions very in type and features so not all characteristics found in one conversion experience occur in all conversion experiences. For example‚ St Paul’s conversion on the road to Damascus seems a sudden conversion whilst some conversions are gradual and happen over a long period of time. However
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