Utilitarianism states “that an action is morally right if and only if it produces at least as much good (utility) for all people affected by the action as any alternative action the person could do instead.” (Audi 942) One of the branches of utilitarianism is act-utilitarianism‚ and it is also considered by philosophers to be the “traditional utilitarianism.” (Schick 349) The purpose of act-utilitarianism is to follow the action that will maximize happiness for a given populace. Act-utilitarianism
Premium Utilitarianism Ethics Hedonism
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory that aims to maximize total societal utility. Consequently‚ in determining whether or not there is a moral duty to vote‚ utilitarians would factor in everyone interests — this includes those ineligible to vote‚ noncitizens‚ and future people — to arrive at the total utility calculation. Two types of utilitarians exist. 1) Act utilitarians‚ who act to maximize total social utility‚ and 2) Rule utilitarians‚ who advocate acting according to rules that
Premium Utilitarianism Ethics Peter Singer
Utilitarianism was founded by Jeremy Bentham and further defined by John Stuart Mill to fully be developed into an ethical philosophy by the nineteenth century. In Utilitarianism‚ consequences are the only thing that matters. Motives only matter if the result is happiness being maximized. Utilitarianism has a foundation based on giving the majority of people the greatest quality of happiness. In order to do so‚ actions are never dependent on self-interest or self-sacrifice‚ and impartiality
Premium Utilitarianism Ethics John Stuart Mill
The classical theories of morality are Aristotle’s perspective called Nicomachean Ethics‚ the Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant‚ and the Theory of Utilitarianism morality by John Stuart Mill. These classical theories create the basis of morality and moral argument. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory regarding the greater good. It rationalizes; the actions a person makes in their life and says they should be directed towards achieving the greatest happiness for
Premium Ethics Morality Utilitarianism
Pierre Chandon‚ Brian Wansink‚ & Gilles Laurent A Benefit Congruency Framework of Sales Promotion Effectiveness Are monetary savings the only explanation for consumer response to a sales promotion? If not‚ how do the different consumer benefits of a sales promotion influence its effectiveness? To address the first question‚ this research builds a framework of the multiple consumer benefits of a sales promotion. Through a series of measurement studies‚ the authors find that monetary and nonmonetary
Premium Brand Sales promotion Marketing
Reading Assignment Sasha Jade McGinley PHI110 (SP2 2013) Open Universities ID: 516616 Macquarie University ID: 43388965 “Letter to Menoeceus” Word Count: 963 Reading 1: Epicurus‚ “Letter to Menoeceus‚” p. 49-50. What argument does he provide for why we should not fear death? What is the ethical purpose of this argument for how we should live our lives? Do you agree with Epicurus’s views? Why or why not? ------------------------------------------------- Epicurus was a hedonist
Premium Suffering Pleasure Anxiety
EPICURUS AND HAPPINESS Describe Epicurus’ three ingredients for happiness. → Epicurus was a type of Hedonist‚ meaning he did what brought him pleasure‚ and that was finding happiness over the pursuit of physical pleasures. According to him‚ we can all find happiness if we look in the right place‚ as his ingredients come cheap enough for anyone to have. All you need are friends‚ an analyzed life‚ and freedom‚ or self-sufficiency. Friendship was the greatest possession to Epicurus. Thus‚ it’s important
Premium Ethics Happiness Virtue
Consequentialism and Utilitarianism Consequentialism‚ as its name suggests‚ is the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. This general approach can be applied at different levels to different normative properties of different kinds of things‚ but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral rightness of acts‚ which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act‚ such as the motive
Premium Utilitarianism Ethics Peter Singer
Physician Assisted Dying: Ethical or Unfathomable? Physician assisted dying is a very controversial issue and it is only becoming more controversial with more cases coming to light. Many people believe that assisting a patient in dying goes against the moral code that doctors should follow. Their job is to go to any measures to sustain the life under their care‚ but what about individuals suffering with no hope of getting better? Wouldn’t doctors then be obligated morally to relieve these individuals
Premium Morality Suffering Utilitarianism
Epicurus and his focus on the pursuit of one’s happiness is how he talks about how that pleasure is the most great and legitimate pursuit of a person’s life. That is what he spent his life studying and speaking to others about. Epicurus invasion of pleasure is where we stay clear of unnecessary desires and try to achieve some kind of inner peace and be content with simple things. Unnecessary things would be like food‚ drinking‚ sex etc. Basically anything that you would say I want or desire. Now
Premium Happiness Ethics Meaning of life