Discuss the Role of Hydrogen Bonding in living Organisms A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular bond and is formed when a charged part of a molecule having polar covalent bonds‚ forms an electrostatic attraction with a molecule of opposite charge‚ generally with fluorine‚ oxygen and nitrogen. Molecules having non polar covalent bonds do not form hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are classified as weak bonds as they are easily and rapidly formed and broken‚ however the cumulative effects of large
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Watson and Crick What is DNA? DNA is described as “a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-reproduction and synthesis of RNA” at “The Free Dictionary”. According to nature.com‚ DNA is “a double-stranded helix‚ with the two [long chains of nucleotides] connected by hydrogen bonds.” It is the “molecule of life” and includes different amounts of the four bases (adenine‚ thymine‚ guanine‚ and cytosine). Throughout the years‚ many other scientists have added
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Linear Model[edit] It is a one way model to communicate with others. It consists of the sender encoding a message and channeling it to the receiver in the presence of noise. In this model there is no feedback which may allow for a continuous exchange of information. This form of communication is a one-way form of communication that does not involve any feedback or response‚ and noise. (F.N.S. Palma‚ 1993‚ Shannon and Weaver[edit] The new model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone
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1.How did the work of TH morgan and company contribute to the eventual discovery that DNA was the genetic material in the cell? T.H Morgan and his group proved that genes exist as part of chromosomes and that DNA and proteins were the makeup of chromosomes. This helped narrow the search for what made up genetic material especially because at the time little was known about nucleic acids and that their physical and chemical properties seemed to uniform to have a vast number/different traits inherited
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joined by hydrogen bonds. Purines (with double ring) always bond with a pyrimidine (single ring). double helix Double spiral; three dimensional hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonding between bases Describe DNA replication with reference to three basic steps: unzipping The hydrogen bonds between the paired bases break. The enzyme helicase causes the molecule to unwind (to lose its helix shape). complementary base pairing Free complementary nucleotides in nucleus move into place by complementary
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to amplify a specific target DNA fragment from a pool of DNA. ------------------------------------------------- ]DNA structure DNA usually exists as a double-stranded structure‚ with both strands coiled together to form the characteristic double-helix. Each single strand of DNA is a chain of four types of nucleotideshaving the bases: adenine‚ cytosine‚ guanine‚ and thymine (commonly noted as A‚C‚ G & T). A nucleotide is a mono-‚ di-‚ or triphosphate deoxyribonucleoside; that is‚ a deoxyribose
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Graphical Analysis of the Structure of the Ubiquitin Protein Molecule Using the VMD Computer Program Author’s Name Chemical Engineering Department‚ University of New Hampshire - Durham ABSTRACT VMD is a molecular visualization program developed by the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics group of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with the goal of displaying‚ animating‚ and analyzing large biomolecular systems using 3-D graphics and built-in scripting. Therefore‚ The VMD program
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11.5 Transcription Regulation in Eukaryotes Basal level - Low level of transcription Activators - Gene specific transcription factors Enhancers - Regulatory sequences that augment transcription Silencers - Regulatory sequences that diminish transcription Initiator - RNA polymerase II - Promoter‚ together with TATA (TFIID) *Looping enhances transcription Transcription-coupled Repair (TCR) - DNA repair mechanism Response Elements - Enhancers that respond to metabolic
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has 6 coordinating bonds i. 4 bonds = nitrogens from tetrapyrrole ring system ii. 5th bond - Helix F binds to Fe at terminal Histidine th * 5 bond = helix F8‚ residue 93 in Mb‚ molecule (His F8)* = proximal histidine residue 92 in the β-chain of Hb and iii. 6th bond – deoxygenated: empty‚ histidine residue from residue 87 in α-chain of Hb th helix E** hovers; oxygenated: oxygen bonds here ** 6 bond = helix E7‚ His 64 for Mb‚ His 63 in b-chain and 58 in a-chain c. Oxygen binds to Fe at 120° angle
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In the 1997 movie‚ Gattaca‚ Vincent Freeman is an invalid born into a valid world. This means his parents decided not to pick and choose the ideal genes in the process of conceiving him‚ causing Vincent to be born with heart problems‚ asthma‚ and myopia. He then makes the decision to become Jerome Eugene Morrow and pass himself off as valid in order to achieve his dream of traveling into space. In the movie‚ there is a clear divide between the valids and invalids‚ revealing many connections to sociology
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