Fig.11.4 Double helical gear or herringbone gear Indian Institute of Technology Madras Machine Design II Prof. K.Gopinath & Prof. M.M.Mayuram Herringbone or double helical gear shown in Fig. 11.4 can be two helical gears with opposing helix angle stacked together. As a result‚ two opposing thrust loads cancel and the shafts are not acted upon by any thrust load. The advantages of elimination of thrust load in Herringbone gears‚ is obliterated by considerably higher machining and mounting
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DNA Replication Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life including some viruses. DNA is an antiparallel double helix molecule with sugar-phosphate backbone on the outer side and nitrogen bases in the inner side. The bases are paired specifically‚ also known as complementary pairing‚ Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)‚ and Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C) by two and three hydrogen bonds‚ respectively. DNA is a long polymer
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mystery of DNA and in 1953 built the first accurate model of DNA. James D. Watson was the co discoverer of the double helix. James came about the discovery of the double helix though the work left by others trying to solve this mystery. The had work from two others‚ Erwin Chargaff rule that A only links with T and C only links with G and Rosalind Franklin’s X-rays double helix. James
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in Pongaroa‚ New Zealand. He worked with the Manhattan Project before turning to biophysics. He produced the first image of DNA fibers. Also a conflict did occur between him and his colleague Rosalind Franklin‚ helped do the Watson and Crick double-helix model shared in 1953. Wilkins got the Nobel Prize for his work. He died on October 6‚ 2004. Early life Maurice Wilkins was born by two Irish parents. When he was born his father‚ Edgar Wilkins‚ was a medical doctor working for the School Medical
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are on the outside. The bases point inwards horizontally. The antipoarallel strands run in opposite directions and are held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs‚ these two long strands twisted and wrap around each other to form a double helix. Hydrogen bonds between bases hold the strands together; each base pairs with a complementary partner: A with T‚ and G with C (Simon‚ Reece‚ Dickey‚ 2010). 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? The genotype is the genetic
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called NUCLEOTIDES D.J.A 5 7/16/2013 DNA Nucleotide Phosphate Group O O=P-O O 5 CH2 O N C4 C1 Nitrogenous base (A‚ G‚ C‚ or T) Sugar (deoxyribose) C3 C2 A HISTORY OF DNA SEE p. 292-293 • Discovery of the DNA double helix A. Frederick Griffith – Discovers that a factor in diseased bacteria can transform harmless bacteria into deadly bacteria (1928) B. Rosalind Franklin - X-ray photo of DNA. (1952) C. Watson and Crick - described the DNA
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carbon sugar attached to the phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base. The base might be Adenine‚Cytosine‚Guanine‚or Thymine. Nucleotides are linked together by covalent bond through the sugar and phosphate. The 3d structure of DNA is the double helix. It is formed from the 2 polynucleotide chains. Both chains are held together by hydrogen bonding. Genes carry biological information that must be copied accurately for transmission to the next generation each time a cell divides to form two daughter
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contain 2 organic compounds‚ DNA and protein. • James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to solve the structure (structure=function) of DNA. • X-ray crystallography( process used to visualize molecules in 3-D. • DNA is a double helix- structure • The nitrogenous bases of DNA are( adenine (A)‚ thymine (T)‚ guanine (G)‚ and cytosine (C). • The 2 strands (the leading and the lagging strand) are antiparallel. o The leading strand goes in direction 5’ to 3’.
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BIO FINAL STUDY GUIDE Scientific Method: 1) Observe something interesting 2) Educated idea = hypothesis (if – change/IV -… then – measure/DV… because) 3) Experiments 4) Analyze + conclude 5) Report it to world Science | Pseudoscience | -uses scientific method | -doesn’t use scientific method | -good hypothesis (falsifiable –provable) | -bad hypothesis (unfalsifiable) | -Repeatable + predictable | -unrepeatable | -1 variable | -none or many variables | -ex. Aliens
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Name: Cora Wilke April 19‚ 2015 Laboratory 7: Building models of Biological MacromoleculesQuestions: 1. Which functional groups are involved in buiding a covalent bond between these amino acids? Amine and Carboxylic acid = Amide 2. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine‚ which functional group will alanine use for peptide bond? Carboxylic Acid 3. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine‚ which functional group will glycine use for peptide bond? Amine
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