was ordered. There are Antero-posterior projection and Lateral projection of the Cervical spine. Technical Details Projection kVp mA time (s) mAs SID Focal Spot Size Grid/ Bucky Image receptor AP 65 200 0.080 16 100 Fine Grid 24cm by 30cm Lateral 70 200 0.100 20 180 Fine Non-Grid 24cm by 30cm Rationale for choice of factors Two projections was done so that better view of the cervical spine can be seen. Choice for kVp and mAs for both projections was used to sufficiently
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BIOLOGY Cell Biology and Cancer “ We now understand a lot about cancer. We know that it results from a series of genetic changes having to do with cell division and growth control and genetic instability‚ mortality‚ the suicide mechanism in cells; the ability of the cells to migrate; the ability of the cells to attract to them a blood supply. And so that’s pretty profound that in a few sentences one can summarize a sophisticated‚ fundamental understanding of what a cancer is.” LELAND HARTWELL Molecular
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Miss Tedo is a 69 year old female who presents with cervical degenerative joint disease. She is seeking physical therapy to help with the limited range of motion due to neck stiffness‚ hypertonicity in her cervical paravertebral muscles‚ postural education‚ and pain reduction. Cervical degenerative joint disease is the wearing down of the vertebral joints at the cervical spine‚ or the neck. There are different possibilities to the pathogenesis of this disease including axial neck pain‚ radiculopathy
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JAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING ORIGINAL RESEARCH Symptom clusters and experiences of patients with cancer ¨ ¨ Neziha Karabulu‚ Behice Erci‚ Nadiye Ozer & Sureyya Ozdemir ¨ Accepted for publication 11 December 2009 Correspondence to B. Erci: e-mail: behiceerci@hotmail.com Neziha Karabulu PhD Assistant Professor Surgical Nursing Department‚ School of Nursing‚ Ataturk University‚ Erzurum‚ ¨ Turkey Behice Erci PhD RN Professor Department of Public Health Nursing‚ School of
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and neck cancer is a broad term that describes many different cancers that start in the head and neck. Most oral‚ head and neck cancers begin in the cells that make up the moist tissues (mucosal surfaces) of the mouth‚ nose and throat. Like other cancers‚ these cancers occur when abnormal cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably and form a mass‚ called a malignant tumor. Doctors identify oral‚ head and neck cancers by the area in which the cancer begins: Lip and oral cavity cancer occurs
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------------------------------------------------- Colorectal cancer From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Colorectal cancer | Classification and external resources | Diagram of the lower gastrointestinal tract | ICD-10 | C18-C20/C21 | ICD-9 | 153.0-154.1 | ICD-O: | M8140/3 (95% of cases) | OMIM | 114500 | DiseasesDB | 2975 | MedlinePlus | 000262 | eMedicine | med/413 med/1994ped/3037 | Colorectal cancer‚ commonly known as bowel cancer‚ is a cancer from uncontrolled cell growth in the colon or rectum (parts
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Screening Cervical cytological screening is accomplished by the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening test. Since this test was introduced in the 1970s‚ deaths resulting from cervical cancer have decreased by 71%.12 With this test‚ the patient is placed in the lithotomy position‚ and the provider inserts a speculum into the vaginal opening until the cervix and cervical os are visible. Then‚ the provider takes a cytological sample from the transformation zone of the cervix using a collection brush and
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CANCER : CAUSES AND WAYS TO OVERCOME Introduction * Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues (Source: Cancer Free‚ Philip Bashe‚ Simon & Schuster‚ 1994). * Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems (Source: Cancer Free‚ Philip Bashe‚ Simon & Schuster‚ 1994). * There are many types of cancers such as prostate cancer‚ breast cancer‚ lung cancer‚ stomach
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the cancer century. This is because more than a hundred types of cancer have been discovered in this century‚ and secondly‚ because enormous medical efforts were made to fight all kinds of cancers all over the world. In the early decades of the century‚ cancer was considered to be a fatal disease‚ and although many cancers remain fatal‚ medical therapy has developed significantly over the years such that most cancers can be treated and cured. After decades of struggling with various cancers‚ doctors
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Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. X-rays‚ gamma rays‚ and charged particles are types of radiation used for cancer treatment. The radiation may be delivered by a machine outside the body called a linear accelerator to focus x-rays directly on the tumor or tumor bed (external-beam radiation therapy)‚ or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy‚ also called brachytherapy). Systemic
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