evolutionary history of the group being studied. 13. The sequence of organization from least to most inclusive is: atom‚ molecule‚ organelle‚ cell‚ tissue‚ organ‚ and organ system. 14. DNA is transcribed from RNA in the process of reverse transcription. 15. Evolution is the change in living things over time. 16. Living things tend to produce more offspring than can survive. 17. Energy flows through ecosystems. 18. Biology is the study of life. 19. ATP is the energy currency in
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Paper 1 Section A |Terms with *‚ mark deduction for spelling error. | |Marks | |1 | |D→E→B→C→A |(2) | | | |(1) (1) | | |2 |(a) |During the favourable season more secondary xylem cells are formed and they are larger
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Associate Program Material DNA Worksheet Answer the following in at least 100 words: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. DNA molecules are composed of two strands that form a helical ascending spiral. They fit together like the opposing teeth of a zipper and are held together by weak interactions called hydrogen bonds. These two strands is a long string of subunits called nucleotides‚ each attached to the one immediately about it and the one immediately below it to form a long chain. Each
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BIO 225 – Exam 2 Review Sheet Chapter 9 1. Know the anatomy of the structures that make up the prokaryotic cell. Know their functions. Know any clinical significance each structure might have and if it is a target for antibiotics. (On separate sheet) 2. Know the differences between Gram positive and Gram negative cell walls. * Gram positive cell wall * In addition to many layers of peptidoglycan‚ the cell wall of Gram-positive bacterials cells also contain: * Teichoic
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Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus. There are a few steps in the process of protein synthesis. The two commonly known steps are transcription and Translation. However‚ the step of translation can be divided into 3 other steps known as Initiation‚ Elongation and Termination. Before the beginning of the process‚ the corresponding RNA molecule is produced by RNA transcription by a DNA gene in the nucleus. A strand of the DNA double helix is used by the RNA polymerase to synthesize a messenger RNA (mRNA)
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DNA --> RNA --> protein. Both DNA and RNA can be replicated (i.e. DNA is synthesized from DNA‚ and RNA from RNA). RNA can be made or transcribed from DNA. It is called transcription since the same type of "language" is used in DNA and RNA -- i.e. nucleic acids. In some cases RNA may be used to make DNA (i.e. "reverse transcription") using a particular enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Protein is synthesized from RNA by translation. It is called translation‚ because essentially a different "language"
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investigated that exogenous hydrogen peroxide increased adipogenic differentiation of MSCs‚ while mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants decreased it. Moreover‚ ROS that generated through mitochondrial complex III is crucial for initiation of adipogenic transcription factors [49]. Therefore‚ enhanced mitochondrial metabolism is a fundamental factor and prerequisite for adipogenesis differentiation by blocking the mitochondrial respiratory pathways [47]. In addition‚ it has been
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that gene) | Genome: | Whole genetic information of the organism | Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein 4.1.3 Define gene mutation * Gene mutation is the change in the base sequence of an allele * Will change the mRNA during transcription * Will change the translation of the mRNA in a protein * The changed base sequence may produce different AA sequence in protein translated * Expression of mutated
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is DNA fingerprinting? 5. How is DNA different in different species? 6. How does DNA determine how you look? a. What is transcription? b. What is translation? c. What is the role of DNA‚ mRNA and tRNA and amino acids in protein synthesis? d. What is the amino acid sequence of the protein that would be synthesized after transcription and translation of the following piece of template strand DNA? |5’ |3’
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Study Guide for the BME5 Midterm The midterm will cover information from lectures 1-4. Subject areas that are fair game for the test are listed below. I may not use every single item in the exam. Note that the level of detail required is that which was covered in lecture. Only information covered in lecture will be on the tests (includes info in figures and tables). Lecture 1 Processes that utilize recombinant DNA technology (and molecular processes that don’t) Basic science; what it is‚
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