Navigation-Related Structural Changes in the Hippocampi of Taxi Drivers. Background Information The hippocampus is a brain structure that is involved with memory‚ spatial awareness and navigation. For memory‚ the hippocampus is linked to the conversion of information from short-term memory to more permanent memory. From studying a man known as HM‚ we know that the impact of a damaged hippocampus is that memories from the past are retained‚ but new memories are not stored. For example a person
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the role of the hippocampus in spatial memory. Localisation is a theory that different parts of the brain are responsible for certain behaviours or functions. The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain‚ and is associated with memory and spatial navigation. Maguire’s study provides some insight into the localisation of these functions in the hippocampus. Maguire’s study was a natural experiment‚ aiming to see if spatial memory was localised in the hippocampus. The procedure
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For the people who have lost their sensory functions‚ neural prosthesis is able to read electrical and chemical signals from the nervous system to stimulate capability and to assist in restoring the quality of life in people suffering from injury and disease. Neural prosthetics helps people who are epileptic‚ people affected with treatment-resistant depression and chronic pain even people who are suffering with Alzheimer’s disease. Other people who benefit from neural prosthetics are wounded war
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survival for almost all species including humans. This manoeuvring is mainly dependent on learning and remembering locations. The allocentric navigation involves mainly the hippocampus (Vorhees et al‚ 2014). Lesions‚ pharmacological inhibition‚ long-term potentiation (LTP) saturation‚ the act of learning itself within the hippocampus can result in impaired spatial learning and memory (Whitlock et al‚ 2006 and Suh et al 2011). Morris water maze test was developed by Richard G. Morris in 1981 for testing
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chunking” (Schacter et al.‚ 2012)‚ while long term consists of “encoding and retrieval of past memories” (Schacter et al.‚ 2012). I strongly believe that short term memories can lead into long term memories‚ but only if the human right frontal lobe‚ hippocampus‚ and the sensory region works together. Do you remember the time you were in class and had a question to ask your professor? You raise your hand and when the professor calls your name‚ you simply say “I forgot what I was going to say” or “I don’t
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Measurements of brain and hormone activity in PTSD patients can help inform Western medical treatments‚ psychotherapy and Chinese Medicine alike. Aside from the impact on pharmacological studies‚ brain activity can provide insight into new therapies like EMDR and neurofeedback. Clinical studies regarding the biological mechanisms of acupuncture indicate that that acupuncture may be of particular use. (Hollfield 2007) Amygdala Overwhelmingly‚ the amygdala shows an increase in reactivity‚ mostly right
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car accident which causes severe brain damage to her temporal lobe‚ or more specifically‚ the area containing her hippocampus. This area of the brain is crucial in forming new memories. The brain damage causes Lucy to suffer from short-term memory loss. On the subject of psychology‚ this movie has accurately demonstrated characteristics of someone who has suffered damage to the hippocampus region. Lucy meets Henry Roth‚ an aquarium veterinarian‚ in a café one morning and they fall in love‚ so they decide
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The idea of cognitive maps has been around since Edward Tolman first developed the idea in 1948 while he was doing research on small animals‚ such as rats‚ navigating through mazes; and‚ although confusion efforts by way of obstacles‚ the rats still managed to find their way to the reward (Bridgmon‚ 2015). The theory was that this memory created a map in the rat’s mind‚ called cognitive maps; and even if distracted or interrupted by outside stimuli‚ the map would still be encoded allowing the rats
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Discuss the interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of behavior • Introduction: cognition‚ physiology‚ relation • Amnesia: retrograde‚ anterograde • Memory: multi-store‚ division‚ *amnesic patients‚ ways of distinguishing types of memory (KC‚ spiers maguire and burgess‚ vargha and khadem) • HM • Clive Wearing • Conclusion: cognition‚ physiology Cognition‚ as defined by Neisser‚ is all the processes by which the brain transforms‚ reduces‚ elaborates‚ stores‚ retrieves
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xxLEARNING AND MEMORY Learning is the process of gaining knowledge or skills through study‚ experience or teaching. It is a process that depends on experience and leads to long-term changes in the possible behaviour of an individual in a given situation‚ in order to achieve a goal. Memory is a property of the human mind. It describes the ability to retain information. There are different types of classifications for memory based on duration‚ nature and retrieval of items. The generally accepted
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