Freud’s(1896) psychodynamic model of neurosis which was one of the first paradigms to place emphasis on external stressor events (Wilson 2004). The essay will concentrate on the hippocampus‚ a brain area involved in memory and briefly discuss the amygdala. Saplosky (1996) neurobiological study in relation to stress‚ glucorcotoids and hippocampus‚ a brain area involved in memory functioning. These brain areas will be discussed in relation to disturbing memories and deficits in memory functioning (Silver‚ McAllister
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The human-like mythological creature that will be discussed in this paper is Medusa. To the ancient Greeks‚ Medusa’s appearance was one of the most hideous images of evil; however‚ she was not always perceived that way. Medusa was once a desirable young virgin and the priestess to the goddess Athena (Greek Mythology). It is believed that Poseidon lusted for Medusa and raped her‚ causing Athena to curse her for being unclean and no longer suitable for marriage (Greek Mythology). Athena’s curse transformed
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surgically removed the focus and location in epilepsy‚ the hippocampus. Following the surgical treatment‚ Henrys seizures disappeared and even his IQ was improved. The consequence was that Henry Molaison lost previous memory and was incapable of forming and retaining new memories. Although the hippocampus is specialized to transfer short term to long term memory‚ other regions of the brain are constantly multi tasking and networking with the hippocampus. Therefore‚ the myth humans only have access to 10
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After finishing the book “Opening Skinner’s Box” by Lauren Slater the Chapter on Eric Kandel’s sea slug experiment is what I found very interesting. Eric Kandel is a psychoanalysis and neurologist who did an experiment using Aplysia slugs. In this experiment he trained his sea slugs by touching their bodies and siphons with an electric probe. This caused the sea slugs gill to withdrew. This experiment caused Kandel to discover with his colleagues that the sea slugs reflex could possibly be form
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which move throughout the body triggering reflex responses such as dilating pupils and increasing blood flow to alert and prepare the body for danger. The amygdala also highlights important events in a memory‚ passing this information on to the hippocampus‚ telling it to store this memory. PTSD sufferers have a hyperactive amygdala that remains active for long periods‚ increasing stress and anxiety. The affected amygdala focuses on emitting stress signals and memory formation is halted as this is
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would have to use are the Broca’s area‚ hippocampus‚ hypothalamus‚ and occipital lobe. The first area is called the Broca’s area; which happens to be a part of the frontal lobe linked to speech production. The Broca’s area would help you be able to recognize what your friends are talking and joking about‚ what cards to play‚ and let you be able to laugh and communicate with them. The second area that the brain would use is the Hippocampus. The hippocampus is in the brain’s medial temporal lobe and
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the cerebral cortex and the central nervous system (CNS) by significantly slowing down the pace of actions taken and information received . Consumption also alters two of the major neurotransmitters within the brain being the Hippocampus and the Prefrontal Lobe . The hippocampus is responsible for memories‚ and occasionally after one or two standard drinks (SD)people are prone to forgetting recently learned things. Being that it is a sensitive part of the brain (see figure.1)‚ alcohol is poisonous
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fear conditioning‚ after repeated trials‚ mice eventually came to associate a fear conditioning chamber with a shock. Since it has been established that contextual fear conditioning‚ such as this task‚ requires the hippocampus‚ this task was used to test the effect on the hippocampus after the addition of young blood to the mice’s system. Whether or not mice learned the association was determined by measuring freezing time‚ or the amount of time they stood still. The results indicated that heterochronic
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excess they can be damaging. Atrophy of the hippocampus in humans and animals exposed to severe stress is believed to be caused by prolonged exposure to high concentrations of glucocorticoids. Deficiencies of the hippocampus may reduce the memory resources available to help a body formulate appropriate reactions to stress. When someone experiences a stressful event‚ the level of glucocorticoids in their blood rises. Via specific receptors in the hippocampus‚ this activates the hypothalamus‚ which then
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unchangeable. We know now that the idea of environmental enrichment vs. deprivation can modify the brain. There are two effects of the environment on physiological processes. They are brain plasticity and environmental stressors and damage in the hippocampus region. * * * Effect 1: Environmental effects on dendritic branching (brain plasticity) * Environmental stimulation refers to the way the environment provides stimulation in the form of social interaction and learning opportunities
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