Returns to Scale Returns to scale is a concept that tries to explain the behaviour of the output in relation to the change in the total scale of operations of the firm. A change of scale of operations means a change in the total size of the firm‚ i.e. a change in both labour and capital of the firm. For determining the returns to scale‚ we need to calculate the Output Elasticity where: Output Elasticity = % change in Output/% change in all inputs The different types of returns to scales are:
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The History and Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceuticals Industry Analysis i 1. Origins and Evolution 2 2. Environmental Analysis (PEST) 2 3. Structural Industry Analysis (Porter’s Five Forces) 4 4. Strategic Issues Facing The Industry 5 5. Analysis of Key Industry Participants and Strategy 6 6. Pfizer – SWOT Analysis and Strategy Review 8 7. Conclusion 10 8. References 10 Pharmaceuticals Industry Analysis Page 1 Executive Summary This report provides an analytical strategic
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Strengths -Strong success in Europe -High-performance products -Recent selling of subsidiary “dog” Salomon -In many invents is the biggest sponsor -Strong management team. -Strong control over its own distribution channel. -In the soccer industry‚ it has a stronghold. -No bad reputation like child labour or environment pollution. -Diversity and variety in products offered. -Strong financial position with minimal long term debts -Innovative designs in footwear enabling consumers to design
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МУНИЦИПАЛЬОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ЛИЦЕЙ №1 КОРЧАГИНА ИРИНА THE WORLD HISTORY OF FILM INDUSTRY Научный руководитель: кандидат педагогических наук‚ Компанеева Л.Г. Волжский 2008 CONTENT |Introduction …………………………………………………………………... |3 | |Part 1. The history of film industry before World War II ….....………………
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Economies of Scale * This is the cost advantage that a business obtains due to expansion. * That is the factor that cause the average cost of producing a product to fall‚ as output of the product rises as explained in the ‘Dictionary of Economics’. * By achieving economies of scale‚ a company would have the cost advantage over its existing and new rivals. * Further‚ the company could achieve lower long run average cost (i.e. productive efficiency). But if technology changes‚ this
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CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION History of Indian Pharma Industry The Pharmaceutical industry in India is the world ’s third-largest in terms of volume and stands 14th in terms of value. According to Department of Pharmaceuticals‚ Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers‚ the total turnover of India ’s pharmaceuticals industry between 2008 and September 2009 was US$21.04 billion. While the domestic market was worth US$ 12.26 billion. Sale of all types of medicines in the country is expected to
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The Braden scale can identify if an individual is at risk for developing pressure ulcers. The Braden scale has a numerical (6-23) rating system based on ones sensory perception‚ skin exposure to moisture‚ physical activity‚ mobility‚ nutrition‚ and risk for friction and shearing (Braden‚ Maklebust‚ & Maklebust‚ 2005). A lower Braden Scale Score is and indicator that an individual is at a greater of developing a pressure ulcer due to ones lowers level of functioning. Whereas a higher score indicates
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founded at the confluence of the Kelang and Gombak Rivers. Furthermore‚ the rivers in Malaysia supplied 97 percent of the country’s raw water. From the past 200 years‚ Malaysia has harnessed this abundant resource for agriculture and water supply to industries and homes‚ where consumers have the convenience of running water at the turn of a tap. The foundation for piped water supply was started by the British‚ after they had set themselves up in Penang‚ their first base in Malaysia. When the population
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Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a business can exploit by expanding their scale of production. The effect of economies of scale is to reduce the average (unit) costs of production. Economies of scale‚ in microeconomics‚ refers to the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost
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CIA III Psychological Measurement and Statistics Likert Scale: A Critical Analysis By‚ Mahika Sharma Likert Scale: A Critical Analysis Introduction The Likert Format arises from the scale for measuring attitudes (Kaplan‚ & Saccuzzo‚ 2001)‚ the first of which was originated in 1932 by Rensis Likert (Edmondson‚ 2005). The rationale behind development of the Likert Scale by Rensis Likert was to measure psychological attitudes in a “scientific” way in 1932 and later in 1934 to expand upon the scaling
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