Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Quantities The Mole General‚ Organic‚ and Biological Chemistry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. 1 Collection Terms A collection term states a specific number of items. 1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts 1 ream of paper = 500 sheets 1 case = 24 cans General‚ Organic‚ and Biological Chemistry 2 A Mole of Atoms A mole is a collection that contains the same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.0 g of carbon 12C 6.02 x 1023 atoms of
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resulted in significant silver recoveries of 98.5% and 95% from sodium and ammonium thiosulfate solutions‚ respectively. These results were achieved in a narrow range of pH between 3 and 4. Batch atmospheric stripping of adsorbed silver by 2.0 mol/dm3 HNO3 at 85 °C was also investigated. Ó 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Hydrometallurgy; Waste processing; Activated carbon; Silver 1. Introduction Reade discovered dissolution of silver halides in photographic fixing process using ammonium
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If the oxidation number of an atom decreases in a reaction‚ it indicates a gain of electrons. • You can balance an equation by finding the coefficients that make the number of electrons lost by one atom of one element equal to the number of electrons gained
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Nitric acid is a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in making fertilizers‚ explosives‚ and rocket fuels‚ and in a wide variety of industrial metallurgical processes. It is also a component of acid rain. Its chemical formula is HNO3 and it has been known as “aqua fortis”‚ which means strong water‚ to alchemists. It is a transparent‚ colorless to yellowish‚ fuming corrosive liquid. Nitric acid is a strong acid and therefore it completely dissociates in water. It has a gravity of 1.41 and the concentration
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and chemical properties in terms ofstructure and behaviour. Nitration test (test for the presence of aromatic ring)‚ Bromine test (test for the presence of unsaturation)‚ and Basic oxidation test (test for an alkyl substituted benzine) were done. We were given an unknown which we tested (Nitration‚Bromine‚ Basic oxidation) and found out that it was an aromatic unsaturated hydro carbon. Keywords: hydrocarbons‚ hexane/ cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene‚ naphthalene‚ toluene 1. Introduction
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a warming effect. Flammability was tested by igniting 3-5 drops of the sample in a small evaporating dish. Baeyer’s test and Bromine test were used for tests for active unsaturation. Aromaticity of the compound was determined through nitration. Oxidation was tested by introducing 8 drops of 2% KMnO4 solution and 3 drops of 10% NaOH solution to 4 drops of the sample organic compound in a test tube and warming the mixture through water bath. All of the test compounds are liquid and colorless and observed
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contact with other metals. 1 II. Materials A. Reagents 0.1 M potassium ferricyanide‚ K3Fe(CN)6 ferrous sulphate‚ FeSO4 sodium hydroxide‚ NaOH sodium chloride‚ NaCl hydrochloric acid‚ HCl potassium hydroxide‚ KOH potassium nitrate‚ KNO3 nitric acid‚ HNO3 trisodium phosphate‚ Na3PO4 sodium thiocyanate‚ NaSCN sulfuric acid‚ H2SO4 distilled water‚ dH2O B. Apparatus test tubes iron ring 250-mL beaker iron stand bunsen burner C. Others iron nails copper strip sand paper zinc strip pliers 2 III
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OxidatiOn and ReductiOn OxidatiOn & ReductiOn 9.2 9 Introduction to oxidation and reduction Redox equations Some common oxidising agents and reducing agents (EXT) 9.3 Reactivity 9.4 Voltaic cells 19.1 Standard electrode potentials (AHL) 9.5 Electrolytic cells 19.2 cORe 9.1 Electrolysis (AHL) TOK Are oxidation numbers real? I remember contemplating on the nature of reality back in Chapters 2 and 4‚ with regard to electrons and hybridization respectively
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Mapua Institute of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Muralla St.‚ Intramuros‚ Manila Melting Point and Boiling Point of Organic Compounds Group No. 5 Manacup‚ Cris Vincent L. Oblena‚ Adrian D. Ong‚ Joshua Jyro B.* *Leader ABSTRACT In compounds‚ two of the physical properties affected by the varying structures are melting point and boiling point. Through the use of the Thomas-Hoover Melting Point Apparatus or the micro method‚ the melting and boiling point of
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Chemistry 1. Explain why 0-nitrophenol has a lower boiling point than p-nitrophenol? 2. Why alkali metals used in photoelectric cells? 3. Due to which compound‚ ozone depletion is caused in Antarctica? 4. Which of the element among B‚ Al‚ C and Si :- a. Has the highest first ionization enthalpy? b. Has the most negative electron gain enthalpy? 5. c. Write the atomic number of the element present in the third period and seventeenth group of the periodic table
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