PAHANG TRIAL 2009 EXAMINATION CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEMES SECTION A - Structural Questions: Question 1. (a) (i) The presence of isotopes 1M (ii) Let the abundance of 63X be a %. The % abundance of 65X. = ( 100 – a ) 1M Relative atomic mass = ( 62.93 x a) + ( 64.93 x ( 100 -a) ) 1M
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E1 Primary Air Pollution Primary pollutants are pollutants that are added directly to the air. Primary pollutant Natural Source Man-made source Effect on health Methods of reduction Carbon monoxide (CO) Atmospheric oxidation of methane (plant degradation) CH4 + ½ O2 CO + 2 H2 Natural forest fires Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels C8H18 + 8 ½ O2 8 CO + 9 H2O Forest fires Prevents hemoglobin from carrying oxygen by forming carboxyhemoglobin Headaches Shortness of breath Unconsciousness Death
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Results: Limiting Reactant: Eq 1 Limiting reactant = Benzoin Theoretical yield of Benzil: Eq 2 Theoretical Yield Benzil | 0.296 g | Mass of Crude Benzil | 0.188 g | Mass of Final Benzil | 0.127 g | % Yield | 43% | % Recovery | 66% | Table 1: Mass of crude/final Benzil‚ % yield‚ and % recovery Percent Yield: % Yield = (Final product/Theoretical product) x 100 Eq 3 = (0.127 g/0.296 g) x 100 = 43% yield Percent Recovery
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gets readily hydrolyzed while NF3 does not. iv) Nitrogen does not form pent halides like phosphorous. v) Bond angle of ammonia is higher than phosphine. vi) Ammonia is a good complexing agent. vii) Though nitrogen exhibits +5 oxidation state‚ it does not form pentahalide. Give reason. viii) PH3 has lower boiling point than ammonia. ix) H3PO3 is diprotic. x) Unlike phosphorous‚ nitrogen shows little tendency for catenation. xi) Nitric acid cannot be used to prepare
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Abstract 2 What is Ammonia 3 Application and Uses 3 Market Trends 3 Processes 4 Partial Oxidation 4 Hazards and Environmental Impact 4 Electrolysis 5 Steam Reforming 6 Gas purification 6 Desulphurisation 6 The Process 6 Justification 7 Mass Balance 7 Cp Values 7 Energy Balance 7 Raw Material Costs 7 Pay Back Time 7 Conclusion 7 Appendices 8 Reference 1: Partial Oxidation Flow Sheet 8 Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet 0 | Abstract The objective is to
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test‚ bromine test and basic oxidation test were conducted to fully differentiate each type of hydrocarbon from one another. Nitration tests resulted to three positive outcomes and two negative outcomes. A positive outcome in the nitration test shows that the hydrocarbon is aromatic while a negative outcome is aliphatic. In the bromine test‚ the results showed that there is one saturated aliphatic while the other is unsaturated aliphatic. In the last test (basic oxidation test)‚ all five hydrocarbons
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Unit 4: Carbon Nanostructures Carbon Structures: • Carbon contains six electrons with electronic structure: (1s2)‚ (2s)‚ (2px)‚ (2py)‚ (2pz). Outer s orbital together with three p orbitals form the chemical bonds of carbon with other atoms. • Conventionally‚ solid carbon has two main structures called allotropic forms: diamond and graphite: - Diamond is tetrahedrally bonded through sp3 hybrid bonds that form a 3D network. - Graphite has a layered structure with each layer called graphene formed
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Introduction to the Lanthanides r understand that lanthanides differ in their properties from the s- and d-block metals; r recall characteristic properties of these elements; r appreciate reasons for their positioning in the Periodic Table; r understand how the size of the lanthanide ions affects certain properties and how this can r understand how to obtain pure samples of individual Ln3+ ions. 1.1 Introduction Lanthanide chemistry started in Scandinavia. In 1794 Johann Gadolin succeeded in
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Silver nitrate‚ AgNO3‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Silver nitrate‚ AgNO3‚ 0.1 M‚ 100 mL* Cupric nitrate‚ Cu(No3)2‚ .02 M‚ 100 mL* Zinc nitrate‚ Zn(NO3)2‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Ferric nitrate‚ Zn(NO3)2‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Hydrochloric acid‚ HCl‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Nitric acid‚ HNO3‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Ammonia‚ NH3‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Sulfuric acid‚ H2SO4‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Acetic acid‚ CH3COOH‚ 6 M‚ 125 mL* Sodium chloride‚ NaCl‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3‚ 0.2 M‚ 100 mL* Sodium hydroxide‚ 6 M‚ 100 mL* Sodium sulfate‚ Na2SO4
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Study material CHEMISTRY CLASS: XII KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN LUCKNOW R E G I O N 2009-2010 Study Material Class XII -Chemistry SHRI RANGLAL JAMUDA IAS‚COMMISSIONER CHIEF Patron KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGTHAN NEW DEHLI SHRI M.S Chauhan Asst. Commissioner Patron Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangthan Lucknow Region SHRI S.S. Rawat Guidance Smt. A.N Siddiqui (Education officer) (Education officer) SHrI K.‚M. Bhatnagar (Education officer) Co-ordinator SHRI. T. Singh Principal K.V. No. 2
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