nitrateAmmonium Nitrate How they are manufactured? Ammonium nitrate is made commercially by passing ammonia gas (NH3) and a water solution of nitric acid (HNO3) through a pipe. The ammonia combines with the nitric acid to form ammonium nitrate. The formula for this reaction can be written as NH3 + HNO3 → NH4NO3. Large amounts of heat are released during the reaction‚ so the pipe and supporting equipment must be very strong. The solution of ammonium nitrate in water is allowed to evaporate‚ leaving
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UNIT 5 – ELECTROCHEMISTRY Chapter 9 – Electric Cells 9.1 – Oxidation and Reduction * The term reduction came to be associated with producing metals from their compounds. * Ex. Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2 * Another substance‚ called a reducing agent causes or promotes the reduction of a metal compound to an elemental metal. In this example‚ it is CO. * Corrosion‚ including the rusting of metals‚ is now understood
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Assignment 1. Questions from chapters 1 and 2 of McMurry and Fay Question numbers are from the fourth edition. Chapter 1. Chemistry: Matter and Measurement 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 (a) Cd (b) Sb (a) silver (c) Am (c) rhenium (d) cesium (e) argon (f) arsenic (b) rhodium (a) Ti‚ metal (d) Sc‚ metal (b) Te‚ semimetal (e) At‚ semimetal (c) Se‚ nonmetal (f) Ar‚ nonmetal 1.4 1.5 The three Acoinage metals@ are copper (Cu)‚ silver (Ag)‚ and gold (Au). (a) The decimal point must be shifted
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HKDSE CHEMISTRY – A Modern View (Chemistry) Coursebook 3 Suggested answers Chapter 25 Simple molecular substances with non-octet structures and shapes of simple molecules Page Number Class Practice 1 Chapter Exercise 2 Chapter 26 Bond polarity Class Practice 4 Chapter Exercise 5 Chapter 27 Intermolecular forces Class Practice 7 Chapter Exercise 9 Chapter 28 Structures and properties of molecular crystals Class Practice 11 Chapter Exercise 12 Part Exercise 14 Chapter 29 Chemical cells in daily life
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Ion implantation‚ LPCVD and epitaxial growth Understand toxicity & safe handling practices Remarks Device physics: ECSE-432 ECSE-533 Thermal Oxidation of Silicon http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/~schubert/Course-ECSE-6290%20SDM-2/1%20MOSFET-2%20Fabrication.pdf Discussed Topics The Oxidation Process Modeling Oxidation Factors
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liquid-Gas was produced by the copper nitrate-A yellow gas filled the entire tube-Substance turned black-After adding 10 drops of HNO3 and heating gently‚ a yellow gas was produced-Smells like a swimming pool-Substance remained black | Chemical | -The copper nitrate changed from a blue color into a green color and then into black‚ produced a gas‚ and its smell changed when the HNO3 was added | 5 | -After being shaken‚ the mixture has salt floating around everywhere in the water-Solution started bubbling
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or species in solution. Basically‚ an oxidation-reduction reaction (redox reaction) is a reaction in which electrons are transferred between species or in which atoms change oxidation numbers. Oxidation is the portion of the redox reaction in which there is a loss of electrons by a species or an increase in the oxidation number of an atom. Reduction is the part of a reaction in which there is a gain of electrons by a species or a decrease in the oxidation number of an atom. Something that is oxidized
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Ch. 1 Fundamentals of Chemistry Subchapter – Stoichiometry and Units 1. An element X forms an oxide with the formula X4O10. If 31 g of X combines with 40 g of oxygen‚ what is the identity of X? A. N B. P C. C D. S Correct Answer: B: P Explanation: We can solve for the atomic mass of X to identify it. The amount in g of X for any amount in g of O is given by: Rearranging the above equation and substituting the given mass of X and O‚ we get: Thus‚ the atomic mass of X
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Introduction An electrophile is a reagent attracted to electrons and accepts an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile. Electrophiles will attack benzene and result in hydrogen substitution. However‚ this is not thermodynamically favoured because a sp3 hybridized carbon is generated‚ which disrupts the cyclic conjugation. In order to regenerate the aromatic ring‚ a proton is lost at the sp3 hybridized carbon. Thus‚ p-Nitroaniline can be prepared by means of electrophilic aromatic substitution
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to calculate the heat of neutralization per mole of water. Two trials were conducted using HCl to form NaCl salt. The heat of neutralization per mole of water was found to be -55 kJ/mol with a percent error of -4.51%. Two trials were conducted using HNO3 to form NaNO3 salt by the two students mentioned in the references section. The heats of neutralization per mole of water were found to be -57.6 kJ/mol‚ with a percent error of -4.51%. Although the percent errors weren’t very large‚ they were still
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