where the o-nitroacetanilide is synthesized with high yields is when acetyl nitrate attacks by a proposed reagent-substituent coordination between the amide and nitrate.3 Acetyl nitrate is typically generated from HNO3 and acetic anhydride‚ however it is suspected acetic acid with HNO3 caused its formation.3 Large excess of acetic acid was used to dissolve the acetanilide as it was challenging to dissolve in glacial and 10% acetic acid. In future experiments‚ I recommend refluxing to better dissolve
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electrons an atom has and to determine where these atoms will go during a redox reaction‚ we can use oxidation numbers to determine this. The following guidelines can be used to determine the oxidation state of an atom or molecule. 1) Atoms in their pure elemental state (neutral) will have an oxidation number of zero‚ this is because the element has neither been oxidized or reduced. 2) The sum of the oxidation state of all atoms in an ion is equal the charge on the ion. The ionic charge of an atom can
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Reactions occur at electrodes. Discharge the removal of electrons from negative ions to form atoms or the gain of electrons of positive ions to become atoms. Anode positive electrode connected to positive terminal of d.c. source. Oxidation occurs here. Anode loses negative charge as electrons flow towards the battery‚ leaving anode positively charged. This causes anion to discharge its electrons here to replace lost electrons and also‚ negative charge are attracted to positive
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metabolism usually inactivates drugs though some drug metabolites are pharmacologically in active status. Inactive substance which has a metabolite that is active is referred to as a prodrug. Drugs are metabolized by the following processes; reduction‚ oxidation‚ conjugation‚ hydration‚ hydrolysis‚ condensation and isomerization. All these processes make the excretion of drugs easier from the body like that of a human being. For metabolism to occur‚ enzymes must be present. Enzymes are present in body tissues
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The poem harmonium examines the relationship of a father and son. I think Armitage has written this poem for parents and children as they would be able to relate to the emotions in the poem. The Author uses the Farrand Chappelette which is a type of Harmonium or small organ to help him reflect the love that he has for his father. In the first stanza the poet talks about the Farrand Chappelette which was “gathering dust” telling us that it is getting old and it was due to be taken to the skip if Armitage
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Biochemistry Lecture Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1: Biochemistry: An Introduction I. Introduction a. Biochemistry: the study of molecules and chemical reactions of life b. Divided into 3 principal areas: 1. Structural chemistry of components of living matter & relationship of biological function to chemical structure 2. Metabolism – total chem reactions that occur in living matter; building & breaking down of molecules 3. Chemistry of processes & substances that store & transmit biological
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UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMMME INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION TECHNICAL REPORT No 26 - Part 1 Mineral Fertilizer Production and the Environment Part 1. The Fertilizer Industry ’s Manufacturing Processes and Environmental Issues In collaboration with the INTERNATIONAL FERTILIZER INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION MINERAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT Part 1. The Fertilizer Industry ’s Manufacturing Processes and
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CHEM 163: SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF A COPPER(II) COORDINATION COMPOUND INTRODUCTION In this multi-week experiment‚ you will synthesize a compound and then analyze it to determine its empirical formula. The substance you will prepare is a vividly colored coordination compound of copper. Based on the reagents used in the synthesis procedure‚ you can assume that the final compound contains copper(II)‚ ammonia‚ sulfate‚ and water. In
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partner and I were to conduct an experiment about the oxidation rate of the enzyme peroxidase in the presence of its substrate guiacol. Also we used other substrates‚ such as hydroxylamine an enzyme inhibitor‚ to observe the weather the reaction rate was slowed down‚ sped up‚ or stopped reactions all together. These results were recorded by taking the materials in a test tube‚ then inserting them into a spectrophotometer to record the oxidation (intensity of color change from clear to reddish-brown)
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Green Oxidation of Borneol to Camphor Abstract: This lab converted borneol to camphor using a green oxidation. Sodium hypochlorite was used instead of the less “green” Jones reagent. Borneol was mixed with glacial acetic acid and oxidized with sodium hypochlorite to make crude camphor. The crude camphor was purified by sublimation. The final product was characterized by obtaining a melting point and inferred spectroscopy. The experiment was carried out to see if bleach could oxidize borneol
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