2.3. The Chi-Square Distribution One of the most important special cases of the gamma distribution is the chi-square distribution because the sum of the squares of independent normal random variables with mean zero and standard deviation one has a chi-square distribution. This section collects some basic properties of chi-square random variables‚ all of which are well known; see Hogg and Tanis [6]. A random variable X has a chi-square distribution with n degrees of freedom if it is a gamma
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CHI-SQUARE TEST (χ²): Chi-square is a statistical test commonly used to compare observed data with data we would expect to obtain according to a specific hypothesis. For example‚ if‚ according to Mendel’s laws‚ you expected 10 of 20 offspring from a cross to be male and the actual observed number was 8 males‚ then you might want to know about the "goodness to fit" between the observed and expected. Were the deviations (differences between observed and expected) the result of chance‚ or were they
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The Japanese occupation of Vietnam‚ Indonesia and Malaya impacted and hence triggered a response in Vietnam‚ Indonesia and Malaya in the form of various nationalist groups. Some groups were formed and sponsored by the Japanese‚ yet others were formed to oppose the harshness of Japanese rule. Economic: The economic drain on the colonies in South East Asia resulted in the opposition of the natives towards the Japanese. In Malaya‚ the devastation and collapse of the economy caused a nightmare for
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United States. If militant measures must be taken‚ war on ISIS is inevitable‚ and crucial to be funded by the government. The US will defend its soil and citizens‚ as well as united allies‚ we must defend our neighbors. With much speculation‚ this subject is an intriguing argument; some will say war against ISIS is costly‚ and will
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The French and Indian War was a crucial event in American history which altered economic‚ political and ideological relations between the American colonies and Britain forever. It changed the political relationship between England and its colonists because the English were forced to tax the colonies‚ due to their economical struggles‚ and impose regulations on colonial life. The colonists in retaliation‚ boycotted‚ which further damaging their economic relationship with Great Britain. Ideologically
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The French and Indian War‚ also called the Seven Years’ War‚ lasted nine years (1754-1763) and was centered around the Ohio Valley‚ northwest of the British Colonies. Although the official declaration of war wasn’t until 1756 small battles began to take place as American forces tried to take an important French fort called Fort Duquesne. As attempts failed and a stalemate settled over the area‚ Britain decided that instead of going directly to war with France‚ they would have a war in America‚ because
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if they did it was not because “they don’t support the war or anyone in it” as the original message sent out by Sgt. Howard C. Wright claims. The Starbucks company policy regarding donations has strict guidelines regarding beneficiaries that must fall under their definition of a “public charity‚” which the Military does not. Also‚ according to the Starbucks website‚ the company has not at any time taken a stand for or against the Iraq War; although they have stated that they support the men and
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The Russo-Japanese war‚ 1904-1905‚ was a huge milestone that had a significant impact on the reign of Nicholas II. His ruthless thirst for expansion and haughty determination to incite a war with Japan was a shallow decision that led to an embarrassing defeat. This defeat affected the few remaining years or his reign in many facets and was raging fuel for the Russian population. It was a potential ignition many reforms including the social reform of the 1905 revolution‚ significant judicial reforms
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The French and Indian war as well as its post-war period between 1750 and 1776 affected negatively the relationship between American colonies and her parent country’s relationship. This war increased the desire of American loyalties to be interested in shipping trade that existed between New England and French in the West Indies during the period of conflicts (Steegmann et al 415). This interest from the American loyalties showed how they had greater loyalty to profit from the trade rather than the
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ROMANTICISM: Romanticism evolved in response to the French Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment that followed. Rather than focus on reason and rationality to explain man‚ romanticism focused more on emotions and feelings to explain nature and portray them. Inspired by the ideas of Jean Jacques Rousseau romanticism emerged as a reaction to 18th-century values‚ asserting emotion and intuition over rationalism‚ the importance of the individual over social conformity‚ and the exploration of
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