“Culture is the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others” Professor Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. He analyzed a large data base of employee values scores collected by IBM between 1967 and 1973 covering more than 70 countries‚ from which he first used the 40 largest only and afterwards extended the analysis to 50 countries and 3 regions.
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Hofstede Cultural dimensions: India is a vast country known for its diversified culture and traditions. The unique characteristic of India is its “unity in diversity”. In India Relationships and feeling plays a larger role in decisions. Indians tend to take larger risks with a person whose intentions they trust. Thus‚ one’s credibility and trustworthiness are critical in negotiating a deal. Indians are ‘polychronic’ people‚ ie they tend to deal with more than one task at the same time. Indians
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Hall theory Book notes He came to the field of cross-cultural analysis from the discipline of anthropology. He argued that all peoples interpret and create messages in reference to shared values. This information includes values in the culture‚ which link members of the culture group and influence how they refer to their contexts when maintaining relationships. Members` experiences of context will influence how they communicate. And different culture groups respond to their contexts differently
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1. The summary of Geert Hofstede The text refers to the study of culture in the environment of organization. Especially how culturally different participant can make an constructive and efficient intercultural dialogue. At the beginning of the publication Geert Hofstede points attention to the example which shows how different cultural background influences our way of thinking and acting. Moreover‚ autor deals with the notion of culture and its connection to the mental programming. He describes
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MAIN THEMES/ IDEAS: Sleep/ Insomnia: The poem takes place at nighttime (“moon”) and it starts and ends with the author going or try to sleep (“It’s no possible to get off to sleep”‚ “paces me back to bed‚ stealthily in step”). The insomnia of the author leads to a wondering of thoughts in the moonlight. The proximity of sleep in the poem makes this wondering of thoughts more believable. This time of night when thoughts are blurry and it is easy to slip into the unknown and the imaginary (“bright
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claims of friends and other relationships. In a pluralistic culture‚ people see culture in terms of human friendship and intimate relationships. While rules do exist in a pluralistic culture‚ they merely codify how people relate to one another. 2. INDIVIDUALISM versus COMMUNITARISNISM “Do we function as a group or as individuals?” The degree to which people see themselves function more as a community or more as individuals. In a principally individualistic culture‚ people place the individual before the
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are told to care for others at a young age It might be because of this fact alone that gives rise to individualism Individualism (catalysts‚ creativity‚ influence ) spurs cultural revolution as well as religious revolution( Buddha‚ people who are geniuses‚ have great experience in relatable personal experience) Cant abide by the rules of a larger institution. Stifles a person’s own individualism Hawthorne’s counsel to the reader as an individual and as an American is to imbibe the complexity of
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Jonas‚ a pale-eyed‚ different‚ calm‚ intelligent and determined kid was introduced in the plain Giver´s society by Lois Lowry; society in which everybody most be the same in terms of physical appearance and psychological structure‚ theres always tension because of fear of braking rules and being released (that in this specific community means to be killed)‚ theres a permanent seek for perfection that reaches the point of killing the weird people and the needs and worries of individuals are not even
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1. Power distance: the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. 2. Individualism- the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. 3. Masculinity / Femininity-The fundamental issue here is what motivates people‚ wanting to be the best (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine). 4. Uncertainty avoidance - The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened
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their happiness. Previously mentioned was the individualism and collectivism model which has an impact on whether people from different cultures forgive others and if they do‚ the reason behind forgiving them. Many pieces of research has suggested that forgiveness is more likely to occur in a relationship which is close‚ committed and good (McCullough‚ 2000; Hoyt‚ Fincham‚ McCullough‚ Maio‚ & Davila‚ 2005; Tsang‚ McCullough‚ & Fincham‚ 2006). Individualism is when one individual thinks about himself
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