the brain • Hindbrain structures‚ the midbrain and other central structures of the brain combine and make up the brain stem. Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System • The medulla: – Located just above the spinal cord and could be regarded as an enlarged extension of the spinal cord. – responsible for vital reflexes such as breathing‚ heart rate‚ vomiting‚ salivation‚ coughing and sneezing. • Cranial nerves allow the medulla to control sensations from the head‚ muscle movements in the head‚
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imaging( MRI) scanners became available‚ producing images of the inside of the body. while x-rays remain useful for looking at bones‚ MRI scans are the diagnostic tool of choice for soft-tissue organs‚ligaments‚ the circulatory system and the spinal column and cord. They help physicians identify multiple scoliosis‚ tumors‚ tendonitis‚ strokes and many other condition. Also MRI is similar to a CT- Scan in that it produces cross sectional images of the body. But unlike CT-Scan MRI does not use x-rays‚
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Transverse Myelitis Transverse myelitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the spinal cord. The inflammation affects the fatty lining that covers spinal cord nerves (myelin). It can cause scarring of nerves‚ which can interfere with nerve signals passing to and from the spinal cord. Signs and symptoms of this condition happen at the level of the spinal cord that is affected and below. The condition most often causes weakness of the arms or legs‚ pain‚ changes in feeling (sensation)‚ and
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means “cleft spine”. It is characterized by the partial development of the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and/or meninges (the protective covering around the brain and spinal cord). Spina bifida comes from Latin and literally means "split" or "open" spine. Spina bifida occurs at the end of the first month of pregnancy when the two sides of the embryo’s spine fail to join together‚ leaving an open area. In some cases‚ the spinal cord or other membranes may push through this opening in the back. The condition usually
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the base of the brain‚ inferior to the spinal cord and below the cerebrum. As the brain stem ascends from the spinal cord‚ it widens and becomes more complex in its structures‚ both internally and externally. There are three major regions make up the brain stem: medulla oblongata‚ pons‚ and midbrain. The medulla is the inferior-most region of the brain stem that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It is a tube very similar structurally to the spinal cord‚ but is wider and contains several masses
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1) The brain and spinal cord comprise the _____ nervous system. A) autonomic B) peripheral C) central D) efferent E) afferent 2) Voluntary control of skeletal muscles is provided by the _____ nervous system. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) afferent D) somatic E) autonomic 3) The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is A) motor. B) afferent. C) efferent. D) autonomic. E) somatic. 4) The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the
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and respiratory system. Symptoms are treated as they occur. A spinal fusion may prevent permanent spinal cord injury in people whose neck bones are underdeveloped. Bone problems can lead to significant
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STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 3.. THESE ARE QUESTIONS AND TOPICS THAT WILL BE COVERED ON THE EXAM. 1) What structure(s) is (are) supplied by the meningeal branch of a spinal nerve? 2) What structure contains nuclei that control coughing‚ sneezing‚ swallowing‚ and vomiting? 3) What part of the nervous system is responsible for accelerating the heart rate in an emergency? 4) What is the terminal portion of the small intestine? 5) What structure connects the yolk sac to the embryonic
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single nerve root. It is the motor equivalent of a dermatome. Each muscle in the body is supplied by a one or more levels or segments of the spinal cord and by their corresponding spinal nerves.Myotomes & Dermatomes dermatome map - Apparelyzed www.apparelyzed.com/myo-dermatomes.html Myotomes and dermatome charts & maps describe the relationship between spinal nerve ... Dermatome is a Greek word which literally means "skin cutting". ... In diagrams or maps the boundaries of dermatomes are usually
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and differences in each of these beings. Of the fours organisms listed‚ the nervous systems in humans in the most complex. Their nervous system is divided into two parts‚ central and peripheral. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord‚ which is protected by bone and guarded by cerebrospinal fluid to help prevent injury. The brain is separated into four different parts: the cerebrum‚ the cerebral cortex‚ the cerebellum‚ and the medulla oblongata. The cerebrum is the biggest section
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