Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is the first disease on my list it is known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy or peroneal muscular atrophy. The peripheral never is outside of the brain and spinal cord and it supplies the muscles and sensory organs in the legs and arms. The way I would basically explain to a patient that this disease will challenge his or her gait. There is no cure of this disease but physical and occupational therapy will help with walking‚ leg braces may be an option
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arachnoid‚ and pia matter) and spinal cord. In most cases 90% of Meningiomas are benign (non-cancerous) and do not tend to spread out to the rest of the body or nervous system. These tend to grow at a very slow rate and usually show no symptoms until the tumor gets relatively large. This is due to the gradual compression of the brain over time. Although benign tumors are not cancerous they can cause serious damage due to the location in the brain or spinal cord. In rare cases‚ about 2% of the
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Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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A Case of Spinal Cord Injury Jason is a 21 year old senior at the University of South Africa‚ majoring in economics. While on spring break in Johannesburg‚ Jason was involved in a motorcycle accident. In the accident he was thrown from his pike to the pavement‚ landing on his back. A police officer witnessed the accident and immediately called for medical assistance. Emergency personnel arrived within minutes‚ and upon recognizing the seriousness of Jason’s back injury‚ immobilized his neck and
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Immaculate Heart of Mary College SY 2012-2013 BIOLOGY EXCRETORY SYSTEM MODULE Urea is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by most mammals and is formed in the liver. It circulates the body and most of the urea produced by the body is transported to the kidneys. ORGANS OF EXCRETION ORGAN | WASTE EXCRETED | Skin | Sweat | Lungs | Carbon dioxide | Liver | Water‚ salts | Large intestine | Feces | Kidneys | Urine | THE KIDNEYS The kidneys are the main organs of excretion
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body is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS differ in the length of the preganglionic and postganglionic axons‚ location of the preganglionic cell bodies‚ and position of the ganglia where preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse. Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the thoracic and lumbar regions. Axons
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or external environment. Is a dynamic process to detect and correct changes in the body The set point is the ‘normal’ value of a controlled variable. Utilizes feedback mechanisms to keep the controlled variable near the set point Many different homeostatic mechanisms take place simultaneously Homeostasis Feedback loops Controlled condition Effector Sensor (receptor) Control center Feedback loops Negative feedback: changes in a variable lead to changes that oppose the initial change Most common
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The Muscular System: Contraction of Motor Units 1. Define a motor neuron:_____A single nerve cell that branches from the brain or the spinal cord to a muscle or a gland. 2. Define a motor unit: ___A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates. 3. The synapse between a motor neuron and the muscle it innervates is called a ____neuromuscular junction_______. 4. The stimulation of additional motor units will increase the strength of the contraction. This process is called
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does not interfere with certain neurons and increases the speed at which they are sent. f. Sensory or afferent neurons: neurons that collect messages from sense organs and carry those messages to the spinal cord or brain. g. Motor or efferent neurons: neurons that carry messages from the spinal cord or the brain to the muscles and glands. h. Interneuron or association neurons: neurons
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In amniotes the tip of the head bends towards the heart. Types of flexion: cranial flexion‚ cervical flexion‚ pontine flexure‚ dorsal flexure‚ caudal flexure. ^Cervical flexure- ventral bend in embryo at transition between myelencephalon and spinal cord ^Dosal Flexure- a ventral bend in the midbody making the back confex ^Pontine flexure- a ventral bend in the head region between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. Visible in 120 hour chick embryo (5 day). ^cranial flexure- ventral bend
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