immunity and describe the process of activation and clonal selection of T cells. 19. Describe T cell functions in the body. 20. Indicate the tests ordered before an organ transplant is done‚ and methods used to prevent transplant rejection. Homeostatic Imbalances of Immunity 21. Give examples of immune deficiency diseases and of
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Did you get it? 1. What’s the role of eyelids? To protect the eyes. 2. Which structure of eye forms tears? Lacrimal glands 3. What are tears? A dilute saline solution containing lysozyme and antibodies. 4. What’s the visual role of the external eye muscles? They direct the eyeball toward what you wish to see. 5. What is the meaning of the term blind spot in relation to the eye? The blind spot contains no photoreceptors; it is the site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball 6. What function
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takes proper action to ensure the environment remains stable. All bodily structures fall under control of homeostatic mechanisms. Homeostatic mechanisms are controlled by two systems‚ the nervous system and endocrine system. The nervous system regulates homeostatic mechanisms by releasing nerve impulses in order to neutralize whatever change occurred. The endocrine system regulates homeostatic mechanisms by releasing hormones into the blood. When bodily changes take place‚ the nervous system tends
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human body requires homeostasis to keep a set point at a constant. With feedback loops‚ the internal environment of the body can achieve to keep it at the set point. All homeostatic mechanisms use a feedback loop to inform the body about any changes that occur externally or internally. There are two different kinds of homeostatic mechanisms: a positive feedback mechanism and a negative feedback mechanism. Positive feedback mechanisms boost physiological processes and amplify the system’s action to
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A) The year 2003‚ started off fine and well just like other years‚ but it didn’t last for long. In the month of February‚ came devastating news that shocked the Nation. It was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease was contracted by young woman who had holidaying abroad. SARS virus spread rapidly and several fatal cases were reported. Apart from Singapore‚ several other neighbouring countries were also affected by the SARS virus. It was a global epidemic. It was a
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Homeostasis is a mechanism that allows organisms to maintain stable internal conditions (Reece 2014). The capability to perform homeostasis is essential for the survival of all organisms. Homeostatic mechanisms include a range of responses that regulate internal imbalances‚ including body temperature. A vital component of homeostasis is known as thermoregulation‚ the process of maintaining temperatures within a normal range (Reece 2014). When ambient temperatures change‚ animals must control their
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Chapter 1 : Organization of the Human Body Anatomy · Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology · Study of how the body and its parts work or function Anatomy: Levels of Study · Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy · Large structures · Easily observable · Regional anatomy · all the structure (muscles‚ bones‚ blood vessels‚ nerves‚ etc.) in the particular region of the body‚ such as the abdomen or leg‚ are examined. · Systemic anatomy
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in the environment. Nervous systems are thus faced with a fundamental problem: how to allow plastic mechanisms to shape their output and function‚ without compromising the stability and integrity of the underlying circuits that drive behavior. Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms that allow neurons to sense how active they are and to adjust their properties to maintain stable function Given the complexity of most central neural circuits‚ maintaining stability in function is a problem that permeates
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body which interact together and balance each other. Studies say that high levels of adenosine leads to sleepiness. According to the two process model of sleep regulation the timing and structure of sleep are determined by the interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process. The original qualitative model was elaborated to quantitative versions that included the ultradian dynamics of sleep in relation to the non rem-rem sleep cycle. The time course of eeg slow wave activity is the major marker
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co-ordinating homeostatic mechanisms’ (Human Body) whilst using feedback. If a change in condition is detected a corrective mechanism is activated‚ conditions return to set point and the corrective mechanism is then switched off. The conditions are then at constant level. Some of the factors controlled by homeostatic mechanism are: body temperature‚ blood glucose level‚ water content of the body‚ respiration and urea being carried by the blood. The changes within the homeostatic system is often
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