The Broken Windows theory was put forward in 1982‚ and suggested that as American neighborhoods and urban areas declined‚ that these areas were more likely to experience increased levels of crime and urban decay (Fritsch‚ Liederbach‚ & Taylor‚ 2009). As business establishments‚ homeowners‚ and tenants moved away‚ it left many homes and building unattended. Overtime gangs‚ drug dealers‚ and predatory street crime would take over these areas further degrading the overall economics and appearance. Residents
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Fiedler’s Contingency Theory Fiedler’s contingency theory states that leadership is a trait and it is fixed. Because leadership is fixed the only variable items are the situational factors. Therefore for effective leadership the situational factors need to be changed instead of the leadership traits. Leadership trait is measured by a rating scale of 1-8 bipolar adjectives‚ with 1 being very poor and 8 being very good. The leader is then asked to identify any one member of a team the leader had to
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attachment theory which was produced by Bowlby as attachment has a strong link to safeguarding which allows me to link this theory to the title. Attachment plays a key role in a practitioner and child’s relationship‚ therefore linking it to the title as this theory is needed to form a secure‚ safe and confident bond between key person and child. “Bowlby argued that the bonds formed by children with their earliest care giver have a profound impact” (www.safeguardingchildrenea.co.uk Attachment theory). This
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Dual process theory contends that thoughts and behaviors can be affected by top-down‚ controlled processes or bottom-up‚ automatic processes. The history of dual process theories can be linked back to William James (1890)‚ but were popularized in the 1970s and 1980s in the fields of social and cognitive psychology to explain attitudes‚ reasoning‚ and decision making (Barrett‚ Tugate‚ & Engle‚ 2004; Frankish & Evans‚ 2009). In some fields‚ dual process theories have become the source of spirited debate
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Ethic of Care Theory Ethic of Care is a theory of how we care for other people around us. It prompts us of the value of human relationship. Ethic of Care theory places moral value on communities as well as persons and asserts that one action take place in the context relationship. Our decisions should consider existing relationships and often carry out via social action. However‚ Ethic of Care does not support a dependency relationship between people but it is about maintaining a relationship of
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in utilitarianism an action is held to be good according to the amount of utility and happiness it can produce; divine command theory believes that an action is only morally good if it is the result of the action being commanded by God. With respect to the argument of whether killing someone is morally worse than letting someone die; an advocate of divine command theory would state that as humans‚ we do not have the right the dictate whether a person lives or dies. Therefore letting someone die is
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“From a postmodern/social constructionist perspective‚ individuals construct their own reality-based on languages and narratives passed on from culture to culture” (Nystul‚ p. 263‚ 2010). The metaphor used in social constructionist/postmodernist theory is textual as opposed to systemic. This textual metaphor says “people narrate their lives to create meaning using the social discourses available to them”(Becvar & Becvar‚ p.45‚ 2013)‚ as opposed to the systemic metaphor that states‚ “a family is
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is a significant skill and attribute to every healthcare professional. One specific caring theory that has been rutted in the foundation of nursing for many years is Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring. Watson’s theory focuses on caring for the patient as a whole‚ meaning caring about the patient’s mind‚ body and spirit so that the patient can heal at an optimal level. This Transpersonal Caring Theory comprises of ten caritas processes that set the foundation for a caring relationship between
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Running Head: SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY Introduction Individuals tend to differentiate significantly in conditions of how they observe and assess their personalities & abilities. There are individuals who observe themselves more positively and those more realistically. Research has exhibited that an individual possessing an enhanced view of one’s self-concept through social comparison tends to lead to extremely favorable outcomes. Social Comparison Theory The theory that I had chosen to discuss
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with graffiti‚ 27% of the passers-by took the money (Keizer). The Broken Window Theory explains that cracking down on urban disorder will prevent additional crime and antisocial behavior. Proponents of this theory say that it is effective at preventing and reducing crime. Opponents say that this theory is malicious because it is racist and unfairly targets the poor. The implementation of the Broken Window Theory by police departments has prevented gun violence in low-income neighborhoods‚ has
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