A fallacy is an error in reasoning‚ which differs from factual error in that errors are simply wrong about the facts. A fallacy can occur in any kind of discussion‚ argument‚ or reading. For the purposes of this paper‚ the fallacies discussed will pertain to arguments. A fallacious argument is an argument in which the premises given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support (Atheism Web). Fallacies of distraction attempt to distract from the falsity of an argument by the
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MATERIAL FALLACIES MATERIAL FALLACIES • Fallacies of Relevance – irrelevant premises (diversion) • • • • • The appeal to populace (ad populum) The appeal to pity (ad misericordiam) The appeal to force (ad baculum) The argument against person (ad hominem) Irrelevant Conclusion • Fallacies of Defective Induction – weak premises • • • • The argument from ignorance (ad ignorantiam) The appeal to inappropriate authority (ad vericundiam) False Cause Hasty Generalization MATERIAL FALLACIES • Fallacies
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CRITICAL THINKING PSU LOGICAL FALLACIES Ad hominem or ATTACKING THE PERSON. Attacking the arguer rather than his/her argument. Example: John’s objections to capital punishment carry no weight since he is a convicted felon. Note: Saying something negative about someone is not automatically ad hominem. If a person (politician for example) is the issue‚ then it is not a fallacy to criticize him/her. Ad ignorantium or APPEAL TO IGNORANCE. Arguing on the basis of what is not known and cannot be
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play‚ The Cruicible‚ Authur Miller uses drama to portray the real events of witchcraft. He attempts to show how easily very religios people can be fooled by one another. Logical fallacies are a rhetorical device in which he uses in order to have the effect of showing how believable the characters can be. A fallacy that is used throughout the Crucible would be Either or Choice. A fallacy where one is made to think they have just one choice. An example of Either or Choice would be in Act 1 where
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Written Communication 3. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION 3.1 THE WRITTEN WORD 3.1.1 Written Compared with Oral Communication Written correspondence within or between organizations may take many forms. The crucial difference between oral and written communications will be the importance attributed to each. Oral communication will be the basis for almost all negotiations‚ liaison‚ team briefings and project management‚ but written communication will be viewed as an endorsement of oral
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#1 The Birthday Fallacy can be described as the mistaken idea that the second proposition of the [What argument? Any argument? Hardly. You need to be more specific and detailed.] argument follows from the first proposition. It [what means this?] means that the way the argument is composed is not logically correct [How? What is the fallacy/}. The reason why the Birthday Fallacy is actually a fallacy is because it’s a mistaken belief based on the unsound argument. [NO! A fallacy is not a mistaken
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The fallacy of relevance is ad hominem is when the motive or character of the person associated with the argument is attacked. The response from the publisher of Vogue is an example of this as he ignored Omega’s brand directors reason to withdraw their ads and introduced a different motive‚ that the director was just unhappy with the way his product was photographed. However‚ this does not make the argument fallacious as the brand directors motive is irrelevant to the truth. 2. The fallacy of relevance
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E-portfolio writing and design that exhibits strong introductory and explanatory prose‚ sound visual design‚ and user functionality Public discourse intended for a specific audience Academic writing that integrates and responds to various sources and demonstrates academic disciplinary writing Oral presentation that is captured as audio or video Visual rhetoric that stands as its own visual argument or an original visual that
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There are many informal fallacies that can be discussed but I have chosen to speak of Bifurcation‚ and the Red Herring Fallacy. Bifurcation is a fallacy in which you are given a situation and a choice to make. It tries to let one feel as though it is either of those options but in reality there could be many more. In a sense it is like not telling the complete truth. You don’t really lie because you didn’t actually give a false choice or statement‚ but you didn’t really give all of the information
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G.K. Chesterton english poet‚ writer‚ philosopher‚ and critic in his excerpt “The Fallacy of Success” (All Good Things‚ 1915) attacks the current perception of success. Chesterton develops his argument through the use of Greek mythology as well as various references to modern selfhelp books and repetition. He writes to abolish the idea that success is purely based upon wealth in order to reshape society’s current perception into one of true success‚ where everything and everyone can be successful
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