explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which all inputs can be changed. For example
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WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital Formula The WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital formula is complex‚ and can be broken into several components. The individual component costs are provided in the following sections. WACC Weighted Average Cost of Capital Variables V=Firm Total Value (Debt + Preferred Shares + Common Equity + Retained Earnings) Md=Market Value of Debt Mp=Market Value of Preferred Shares Mc=Market Value of Common Equity Mr=Market Value of Retained Earnings K=Current
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Solutions to Chapter 12 The Cost of Capital 1. The yield to maturity for the bonds (since maturity is now 19 years) is the interest rate (r) that is the solution to the following equation: [$80 annuity factor(r‚ 19 years)] + [$1‚000/(1 + r)19] = $1‚050 Using a financial calculator‚ enter: n = 19‚ FV = 1000‚ PV = (-)1050‚ PMT = 90‚ and then compute i = 7.50% Therefore‚ the after-tax cost of debt is: 7.50% (1 – 0.35) = 4.88% 2. r = DIV/P0 = $4/$40 = 0.10 = 10% 3. = [0.3 7.50% (1
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CHAPTER 6 PRODUCTION EXERCISES 4. A political campaign manager must decide whether to emphasize television advertisements or letters to potential voters in a reelection campaign. Describe the production function for campaign votes. How might information about this function (such as the shape of the isoquants) help the campaign manager to plan strategy? The output of concern to the campaign manager is the number of votes. The production function has two inputs‚ television advertising and
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Explainthe relationship between the average cost and marginal cost curve? Answer: We usually assume that the Average Cost curve is U shaped The MC curve will intercept the AC curves at its minimum point. When AC is decreasing‚ MC lies below AC - because when MC is below AC‚ producing an extra unit of output will pull down average cots When AC is increasing‚ MC lies above AC - because when MC is above AC‚ producing an extra unit of output will raise average costs Therefore MC will intercept the AC
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analysis of the needs of the business and how the new equipment will help the business to function and the cost of the product will determine what the managers of the business decides. Marginal costs are change in total costs divided by change in output. Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue divided by change in output. Increase in fixed costs means that when the fixed costs cannot be changed it is the short run and when the fixed costs change it is the long run. The second questions
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Economics Luis D. Maymí Romero University of Phoenix ECO/212 Prof. Mayra Malpica Rivera April 27‚ 2015 Economics There are four principals of decision making: People face trade-off The cost of something is what you give up to get it Rational people think at the margin People respond to incentives The first principle can be summarized with the following phrase “There’s never a free lunch” every time that you need something you have to give something in return. One example is an employee that needs a
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Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost An understanding of marginal revenue and marginal cost is economically crucial to owning and operating a successful business. Marginal revenue is the amount of change in total revenue by selling one additional product. So if a company sells four extra unit of product and brings extra total revenue of 500 dollars than the marginal revenue for this month would be 125 dollars. This is found by taking the change in total revenue‚ 500 dollars‚ and dividing it by the
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2009 TOPIC 7: ABSORPTION AND MARGINAL COSTING Outline: 1. Learning Objectives 2. Differences between absorption and variable costing 3. Impact on profit under each costing technique 1. Learning objectives a. Explaining the differences between absorption costing and marginal costing b. Explaining the impact on stock valuation & profit under each costing system c. Explaining the impact on under each costing system d. Preparing multi-period absorption and marginal costing profit statements 2. Explaining
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3.05 Marginal Cost Analysis Name:______________________________________________ Step One: Launch the data generator to get started (located in the last page of the lesson‚ or use the numbers given below: Quantity Price (in whole dollars) Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Total Cost Marginal Cost Profit (or loss) 0 42 0 35 1 41 41 68 2 40 80 94 3 39 117 107 4 38 152 114 5 37 185 129 6 36 216 180 7 35 245 235 8 34 272 296 Step Two: Determine a product
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