Stocks versus Bonds: Explaining the Equity Risk Premium Clifford S. Asness From the 19th century through the mid-20th century‚ the dividend yield (dividends/price) and earnings yield (earnings/price) on stocks generally exceeded the yield on long-term U.S. government bonds‚ usually by a substantial margin. Since the mid-20th century‚ however‚ the situation has radically changed. In addressing this situation‚ I argue that the difference between stock yields and bond yields is driven by the long-run
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Term paper on ESOP Submitted by Hitesh.K.R (1pi11mba59) Finance Cohart 1 What is an ESOP? ESOP stands for Employee Stock Ownership Plan and is an employee benefit plan which makes the employees owners of stock in that company. An ESOP is required by law to invest primarily in the stock of the sponsoring employer. An ESOP is a qualified defined contribution plan and is similar to profit sharing plans. The employer can use it as a conduit for borrowing money from a bank or other
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common stock. In the end‚ the argument is about whether to raise debt or equity. What are the annual cash expenses associated with the (a) bond issue? (b) common stock issue? Analysis of issuing stock The cost of issuing stock is lower than bond. The bond has a principal repayment of an additional $6.25 million cash expenses annually and that is over 9% of the bond issue. Also‚ the risk is lower than the bond which has an increased risk that will lead to wild swings in the stock price
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Acct410B Research Paper Common and Preferred Stock How do Corporations raise capital? All of the large corporations could not have grown to their present size without being able to find innovative ways to raise capital to finance ultimate expansion. There are many ways this can be accomplished‚ but this review will take a look at just two ways: the issuance of Preferred Stock and selling of Common Stock. What exactly is a stock‚ anyway? Basically‚ stock is ownership‚ simple as that. Buy a share
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Individual Stock report: Google Inc. (GOOG) Chao ZHANG Description of the company Business & Relevant history Google Inc. (NASDAQ: GOOG) is an American multinational corporation which provides Internet-related products and services‚ including internet search‚ cloud computing‚ software and advertising technologies. Advertising revenues from AdWords generate almost all of the company’s profits The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey
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The price of a stock is $50. The stock pays a dividend of $5 in 3 months. A 6-month European put option on the stock has a strike price of $48 and a premium of $4.38. The continuously compounded interest rate is 8%. Calculate the premium for a 6-month European call option on the stock with a strike price of $48. * A 1.02 * B 3.36 * C 3.46 * D 4.38 * E 5.40 2 1. An "exchange call option" gives the owner of the option the right to give up one share of Stock A in exchange
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Stock Market Efficiency: How does It Reflect on the Securities Trading Abstract: Stock market efficiency has been the subject matter of research studies for periods well over the past three decades. Several theories have been established about basically how the competition will drive all information into the prices of securities quickly. Centering this idea the concept known as Efficient Market Hypothesis has been evolved which also has been the subject of intense debate among academics and financial
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A joint-stock company is a business entity which is owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns the portion of the company in proportion to his or her ownership of the company’s shares (certificates of ownership). [1] This allows for the unequal ownership of a business with some shareholders owning a larger proportion of a company than others. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company. [2] In modern corporate
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Introductory Part 1. Background: A stock market / share market is a public market for the trading of company stock and derivatives at an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange. Usually‚ a stock market is the reflector of its countries economy. The stock market has become an essential market playing a vital role in economic prosperity that fostering capital formation and sustaining economic growth. Stock markets are more than a place to trade securities; they operate as
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ABSTRACT This study tries to determine whether the Indian stock market is efficient by examining if the stock returns follow a random walk. Following previous studies‚ we use autocorrelation‚ the Box-Ljung test statistics and the run test and find that the Indian stock market was not efficient in the weak form during the testing period. The results suggest that the stock prices in India do not reflect all the information in the past stock prices and abnormal returns can be achieved by investors exploiting
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