DRILLING THEORY Principles of percussive drilling In percussive drilling‚ the energy required to break the rock is generated by a pneumatic or hydraulic rock drill. Machines of this kind build up a pressure which‚ on being released‚ drives the piston forward (Fig. 1). The piston strikes on the shank adaptor. The kinetic energy of the piston is converted into a stress wave which travels along the drill string to the rock. In order to obtain the best possible drilling economy the whole
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Geological Hazards Plate Tectonics- Theory Alfred Wegener Crust- Solid Mantle- Liquid Outer Core- Liquid Inner Core- Solid (Too much pressure for it to be liquid. Doesn’t have the space to expand.) Convections cells- Due to the pressure in the earth’s core‚ when it heats up the pressure causes the heat to push against the earth’s mantle‚ triggering it to move‚ caused by convection currents. Convection Currents- it’s a concept of what causes the plate tectonics to move. http://www.scotese
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replacing pipe from the well when it is necessary to change the bit or other piece of the drill string‚ or when preparing to run certain tests in the well bore. • Top drive o A mechanical device on a drilling rig that provides clockwise torque to the drill string to facilitate the process of drilling a borehole. • Kelly hose o is a flexible‚ steel reinforced‚ high pressure hose that connects the standpipe to the kelly. • Goose neck o A thick metal elbow connected to the swivel and standpipe
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Effects of Oil Prices on Our Nation’s Economy Introduction As one may have noticed in the past few years the price of oil has risen drastically. Either at the gas pump or at home in the winter with the heating bill the price of oil effects everyone. The beginning of this paper discusses what OPEC is‚ what it does‚ and why it is good or bad. Also it will begin to discuss the price of oil in the global oil market but mostly in our nation’s economy: who‚ what‚ when‚ where‚ why‚ how. The
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S.O.S.E Script For more than 100 years‚ oils spills have been affecting most of our oceans‚ with a lot of oil pollution. This is a major problem and occurs around most of the world and sometimes in the same ocean a numerous amount of times. Oil spills‚ not only affect our oceans beauty but affect the marine life as well. But sometimes there is no way to prevent oil spills. A majority of oils spills are spilt into the oceans due to harsh water conditions or a hurricane. The U.S. Environmental
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7048600.stm Wednesday‚ 2 January 2008‚ 22:36 GMT What is driving oil prices so high? Oil prices have hit a record high at $100 a barrel. Prices have doubled from the rates seen in January 2007 and more than quadrupled since 2002. What factors are causing this unremitting increase and what are the likely consequences for consumers and the global economy? What is causing the latest price spike? This was triggered by concerns about violence in Nigeria and Algeria as well as the
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Petrochemicals prices climb 2% in December on tight supplies LONDON‚ January 9‚ 2013 - Prices in the $3-trillion-plus global petrochemicals market climbed 2% to $1‚350 per metric ton (/mt) in December‚ according to the just-released monthly average of the Platts Global Petrochemical Index (PGPI)‚ a benchmark basket of seven widely used petrochemicals. This follows a drop of 2% in November. But on a year-over-year basis‚ petrochemical prices were up 16% from the December 2011 average price of $1‚161/mt
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Crude oil is one of the world’s most important natural resources. Over the past six decades or so‚ crude oil – because of the products derived from it‚ has become highly indispensable in our everyday lives. Despite being a non-renewable resource‚ it is still used extensively in power generation. It can be argued that industrialization owes its development to crude oil. Even though efforts are ongoing in the search for alternative fuels‚ as of today there is no effective substitute for oil. This
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Offshore Drilling Does anything out weigh the importance of our planet’s health? You would be surprised by the number of people who look the other way when it comes to keeping the planet clean. Offshore drilling is just one of the major environmental issues that has existed for many years and still continues to be a problem. The topic of offshore drilling not only touches on environmental issues but also political‚ economic‚ and ethical issues. All of these tie into the huge debate over offshore
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Demand on the Price of Oil Each time you pull up to the pump or open your utility bill‚ you may notice the price of fuel may have changed. There are many factors that can influence fuel prices. The marketplace forces of supply and demand determine the price of fuel. If demand grows or if a disruption in supply occurs‚ there will be upward pressure on prices. By the same token‚ if demand falls or there is an oversupply of product in the market‚ there will be downward pressure on prices. Those principles
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