Journal of Financial Economics 60 (2001) 187}243 The theory and practice of corporate "nance: evidence from the "eldଝ John R. Graham ‚ Campbell R. Harvey * Fuqua School of Business‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ NC 27708‚ USA National Bureau of Economic Research‚ Cambridge‚ MA 02912‚ USA Received 2 August 1999; received in revised form 10 December 1999 Abstract We survey 392 CFOs about the cost of capital‚ capital budgeting‚ and capital structure. Large "rms rely heavily on present value
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definitions of motivation: Baron (1991) stated “motivation is the internal process that activate‚ guide and maintain behaviour (especially goal-directed behaviour).” This definition assumes all behaviour is a consequence of motivation which ignored how and why it is instigated. So‚ Kanfer (1998) declared that “motivation is only about the ‘free will’ element of behaviour and defines it as ‘the psychological mechanisms governing the direction‚ intensity‚ and persistence of action not due solely to
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#3 In 1925 religion and scientific theory collided in a courtroom. John Scopes‚ a school biology teacher‚ deliberately violated the state’s anti-evolutionism statute. The fundamentalists won their case in court. The Tennessee state prosecutor won a conviction against Scopes on the grounds that the legislature had the right to determine what was taught in public schools within the state. The key question during the trial: Should religious beliefs influence public education in a nation where church
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The Circle influenced Mae to becoming transparent; manipulating her into thinking it would make her a better person. “…They saw her as a role model and inspiration. And this felt good. This felt truly valuable to Mae” (Eggers 330). Mae began to base her value on the fact that she was being watched and what others saw and knew of her actions mattered to her‚ giving her the mindset that because she is under constant surveillance she is becoming a better person (Eggers330). Knowing that she is constantly
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Maslow’s Theory: A Human’s Hierarchy of Needs Jason T. Heilman Grantham University Maslow’s Theory: A Human’s Hierarchy of Needs Every person is driven by different factors. Some enjoy a challenge; others are motivated by money while others simply want human interaction. Many researchers designed studies to determine what drives an individual to perform and they developed their own theories on how managers can get the highest levels of productivity from their employees while
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MOTIVATION THEORY AND PRACTICE 1.0 Equity Theory The equity theory was proposed initially by Adams (1963). The focus of the theory has been to understand the motivational aspect of employees. The equity theory is based on the distributive justice principles promulgated to take care of social justice by balancing the economical disadvantages that existed in that period. It focuses on the need for fairness and justice as related to several human behaviors especially used by administrators
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MGT/230 – Management Theory and Practice On April 20‚ 2010‚ approximately 4.9 millions of barrels of oil (Telegraph‚ 2010) spilled into the Gulf of Mexico immediately after an explosion that resulted in the loss of 11 lives and a total cost of 17.6 billion dollars. According to‚ Andrea Thompson of Live Science‚ “ROV robot subs‚ manufactured by a company called Oceaneering‚ have been an integral part of the effort to control the leaking oil.” The result of this tragedy has been top-down
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Bachelor of Science in Human Resource management school of business Management theory and practice – assignment one Name: Taonga Emily mbuzi Computer numb: 1021 Tutor: Mr. Muleya INTRODUCTION Management is a process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives within a changing environment. (Kreitner R. 2007‚ p. 5) it has approaches‚ theories‚ principles which need to be learnt in order that we understand the nature of management
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greatly emphasized. Although the US is not a direct democracy‚ US citizens still determine what direction this country goes in since the political process relies heavily on public opinion. Through voting‚ campaigning‚ and protesting‚ people can influence the political process. Voting is undoubtedly the cornerstone of any democracy. As often stressed‚ voting allows citizens to give their input on important decisions‚ such as choosing who runs the government at a local and national level and deciding
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RUNNING HEAD: Jean Watson Theorist: Jean Watson July 20‚ 2011 John Bell Grand Canyon University NUR 502- Theoretical Foundations for Nursing Role and Practice Barbara Pate PhD‚ MPH‚ RN Introduction Jean Watson has played a chief role in determining the connection among nursing identity and holistic healing. She has favored the addition of a new vision of nursing process within the nursing profession (Philosophy of Nursing‚ 2011). The alterations in the health care systems around the
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