Enlightenment Absolutism from 1689 to 1799 in Eastern Europe Were enlightenment and absolutism ever compatible? Lonnie Johnson answered that question by stating “[they] may appear incompatible in theory‚ but they were compatible in practice” (Johnson‚ 98). Peter the Great‚ Maria Theresa‚ and Joseph II were the living proof of Johnson’s affirmation. From 1689 to 1799‚ Enlightened Despotism‚ also known as enlightenment from above‚ was enforced by these rulers with the main objective of obtaining more
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- and is not necessarily always born with such natural ability. Napoleon Bonaparte encapsulated all of these factors and truly epitomized the definition of a genius. Through his raw and intrinsic ingenuity and resulting military prowess‚ Napoleon proved himself to be a highly skilled tactician and strategist‚ exemplifying his mastery of the battlefield as a military commander. Furthermore‚ through Napoleon’s achievements in domestic reforms‚ he significantly improved France politically and economically
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In answering the question I think that it is firstly important to understand why Austria was hostile to the whole idea of Italian unification in this period. After the crippling French Wars of the early 19th century all the powers agreed that such bloodshed must never be allow to happen again. Therefore at the 1815 Congress of Vienna it was decided that Austria would have control over the turbulent Italian states of Lombardi and Venetia in order to ensure that the aforementioned areas did not attempt
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From 1815-1848 there were a series of revolutions and other events which helped to spark the revolution of 1848. Firstly‚ nationalists wanted to see Italy united and to drive the Austrians out of Italy‚ although there was debate among them as to how much of Italy should be united. The liberals sought to establish an Italy with a constitutional monarchy and give the people basic rights‚ such a free speech. Secondly‚ in 1815‚ the Vienna Settlement dictated that the Italian states should return to
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slightly different one from the other. The commemoration plate at the entrance‚ placed by the French Embassy‚ claims you’re entering Caffareli’s cemetery. Historians agree almost in unison that on this spot Napoleon settled his headquarters on April 1799‚ at a distance of 1.5 km from the city walls‚ far enough to be out of shooting range of both the Ottoman and British Artillery. But when you look at those graves‚ there is nothing really to indicate that they’re French. Why? Was it so difficult for
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Which of Russia’s rulers from 1855-1964 was the most successful in serving the interests of the Russian people best? Throughout the period 1856-1964 there was much continuity in the needs of the Russian people. The world around Russia was constantly developing‚ and Russia was increasingly falling behind. The Russian people needed a strong and stable leader that would address all of the needs of the Russian people‚ including political‚ social and economic issues. Not all of the issues were being addressed
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2013 How Far is Too Far? In 2012 there were eight major public shootings‚ and since Columbine occurred in April 1999‚ 28 public shootings have occurred. The rate of people who have succumbed to fatal gunshot wounds in public areas has increased to 19.5 times higher than those of similar income countries‚ and there have been at least 61 mass murders since 1982 (Shen‚ Timeline of Mass Shootings). Whenever any type of mass murder occurs‚ the same question always remains; what is the motive? How could
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If Napoleon was ethical‚ then why is one of his most famous quotes “Men are more easily governed through their vices‚ rather than their virtues”? He was not ethical‚ even though some may say he was. Napoleon was unethical because he killed many people‚ conquered most of Europe‚ and he was also power hungry. There can be many reasons why Napoleon was unethical‚ but there are also some very simple ones. First of all he killed many people‚ and many people called it like it was‚ a Hitler-esque fashion
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On BonaparteNapoleon was indeed a great man‚ in that he made a significant impact on the course of history‚ although with both positive and negative consequences. He was one of history’s greatest military commanders and succeeded in conquering most of Europe and did much to modernize the nations he ruled. He also introduced the Code Napoleon‚ which brought unity‚ order‚ progress and reform to France and Europe and the Code is still used today. However‚ in the end‚ he betrayed some of the principles
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to the fall of the Tsar Nicholas the II. But was he to blame? In this essay one will discuss the factors instigating the fall of the Tsar‚ and how far he was responsible for his own demise. The living conditions for the peasant population across Russia were atrocious. This presented itself as a major problem for the Tsar‚ as over 80% of the population was comprised of peasants‚ and this lead to them demanding reform. Over 25% of the wealth of Russia was owned by just 1% of the population‚ this alarming
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