Architectural Programming Introduction Architectural programming began when architecture began. Structures have always been based on programs: decisions were made‚ something was designed‚ built and occupied. In a way‚ archaeologists excavate buildings to try to determine their programs. Today‚ we define architectural programming as the research and decision-making process that identifies the scope of work to be designed. Synonyms include "facility programming‚" "functional and operational requirements
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Zimbabwe – History and Politics Anna Swain Strayer University Sociology of Developing Countries Professor Emmanual Obi Abstract Slavery‚ according to historical accounts‚ played an important role in Africa’s underdevelopment. It fostered ethnic fractionalization and undermined effective states. The largest number of slaves was taken from areas that were the most underdeveloped politically at the end of the 19th century and are the most ethnically fragmented today. Without the slave
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small scattered groups in Peninsular Malaysia. The tribals were mainly nomadic agriculturists but gradually they are being absorbed in the modern Malaysian society. The traditional architectural style of Malaysia is the long-house‚ found particularly along the rivers of Sarawak. Families live together (though they have their own private space) in one long building‚ raised on stilts‚ sharing the open verandah which runs the whole length of the building. Also raised on stilts are the wooden houses
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Culture and Politics Culture and politics: An interesting concept‚ the idea of culture is hard to define. What exactly is culture? How does it affect us? In J. Harry Wray’s book Sense and Nonsense: American Culture and Politics‚ he says culture is "a shared symbol system‚ linking members of a group to each other and to history‚ thus providing them with an identity." What this means is that culture is how different groups respond to and interpret symbols. As examples Wray talks about a aboriginal
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The History of the Gargoyle: Architectural significance to Ornamental choice Introduction This research paper is based on a combination of architecture and sculpture‚ precisely the gargoyle. The inspiration for topic was grasped from a past production paper question which requested that one create a gargoyle spout inspired by a Caribbean cultural aspect. This question deeply intrigued me‚ providing themes for both a sculpture piece and my research paper. This paper is seeks to present the transition
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Philosophy of Filipino Culture May 20‚ 2010 Crossing Cultures: A Philosophical Reflection on Filipino Culture and Cultural Transition Experienced by Third Culture Kids Oh it’s a mystery to me. We have a greed‚ with which we have agreed... and you think you have to want more than you need... until you have it all‚ you won’t be free. Society‚ you’re a crazy breed. I hope you’re not lonely‚ without me. - Eddie Vedder (Society) In a world that is becoming increasingly smaller
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Literature in America has vastly changed throughout history. The beginning of the evolution of literature started in colonial times when the english came to America. If a person of a different ethnicity founded America‚ how different would literature be today? American literature began with the writings of Native Americans. There was no written literature in the Indian culture‚ mainly because of how many different groups and tribes there were speaking different laguages. Because of the 500 different
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Throughout Japanese history‚ the geisha has become a historical shrine passed on from generation to generation. From their refined repertoire of the arts to the intellectual conversations with clients‚ the geisha has various qualities of integrity to be recognized in Japanese history. Behind the perfectly painted face and overly constricted kimonos are the scars of true sacrifice towards this cultural profession‚ but is the true perseverance of the traditional geisha fading into the shadows of modern
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HISTORY The first European settlers were led by a Portuguese named Ferdinand Magellan and although Portuguese‚ he was actually representing Charles 1st of Spain after taking Spanish nationality. The arrival in the Philippines was one of the discoveries of the expedition which was formed to find a route to the Spice Islands ‚ known now as Indonesia. This trip was followed by more Spanish expeditions to the Philippines. Ferdinand Magellan has until this day‚ a cross named after him in Cebu. The expedition
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The History and Philosophy of Buddhism History The Buddha is most recently believed to have been born in the year 623 or 624 BCE. Though many religious historian s have preferred birth dates ranging from 567 to 487 BCE. Though in truth‚ no one knows for sure. The Buddha’s given name was Siddhartha Gautama‚ Siddhartha meaning “one who has achieved his aim." It was prophesized that Siddhartha would either become King of the world or‚ if exposed to human sufferings; would become a great religious
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