was measured as 250 cubic metres per second Stock Takes Calculation of sales‚ profit or loss Still pictures Moving pictures Examples Wealth Assets Liabilities Capital Population Balance in savings account Unemployment Gold reserves held by SA Res bank Examples Income Profit Loss Investment Number of births and deaths Saving Demand for labour Gold sales‚ gold production Stocks and flows are related Stocks can only change as a result of flows Prices are ratios between different
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Tax is of two types Direct Tax and Indirect Tax. Direct Tax is the tax‚ which is paid directly by people to the government‚ while indirect tax is the tax‚ which is paid indirectly by people to the government. Income Tax is paid directly to the government therefore it is a direct tax while excise duty is paid by people to the manufacturer who pays it to the government‚ therefore it is an indirect tax. The Constitution of India (COI) has given power to levy tax to central and state government
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PERSONAL COPY/ NOT FOR SALE OR CIRCULATION (Session 2012-13) INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF INCOME-TAX: 1. India’ trust with income tax dates back to 1859 when James Wilson‚ Finance member in the Council of India‚ came to the country to establish the tax structure‚ a new paper currency and to remodel the finance system. 2. A bill imposing tax on profits from property‚ professions‚ trades and offices was passed by the Legislative Council of India. It received the assent of the Governor General on July
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SC 2279: (1977) 4 SCC 98: 1977 SCC (Tax) 536 Decided On: 31.08.1977 Bench: 7 Judge Bench consisting of the following Justices of the Supreme Court of India: Chief Justice M. Hameedullah Beg.‚ Justice N. L. Untwalia‚ Justice P. N. Bhagwati‚ Justice P. S. Kailasam‚ Justice S. Murtaza Fazal Ali‚ Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer and Justice Y. V. Chandrachud. Brief facts of the case: The case dealt with the constitutionality of a certain pattern of sales tax legislation‚ calculated to counter
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEM OF TAX AVOIDANCE AND EVASION IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW Dominic Asada LL.B. (Hons.) B.L‚ LL.M. Tax Avoidance and Evasion are some of the most perplexing problems facing the nation today. It is widely believed that there is a considerable difference between estimated revenue from taxation every year and what is actually collected. This disturbing aversion to taxation has some historical antecedents. Traditionally‚ there has always been a hostile response to the payment of tax by the people
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Income Tax Return Assignment You have your own CPA tax practice and you are greeted with new clients: Albert and Jenny Cunningham and their two children. You meet with them and they give you the information shown below. They would like you to prepare their tax return for 2013. They would like to file married filing jointly. NOTE: Reference to the “current tax year” below for the taxpayers‚ Albert and Jenny‚ it is for the calendar year 2013. Albert and Jenny Cunningham (both 42 years
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Concepts Of Tax Residential Status And Tax Incidence Concept And Calculation Of Tax Income Under The Head Salary FBT* And New Perquisites Income Under The Head House Property Income Under The Head Business And Profession Income Under The Head Capital Gains Income Under The Head Of Other Sources Clubbing Of Incomes Set Off And Carry Forward Of Losses Agriculture Income And Its Taxability Deduction From Gross Total Income Exempted Incomes Assessment Procedure Advance Payment Of Income Tax Tax Deducted
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An interview with a Cendant executive enhanced our industry knowledge and shaped some of our thinking about the industry. The qualitative knowledge gained from these discussions set the foundation for our quantitative approach to determine the best pricing strategy and recommendations for improving profitability in the rental car industry. From the interview with John Barrows‚ VP of Communications for Cendant‚ we found the following comments important to our analysis of the car rental industry and
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response to an increase of 10% in income. Then the income elasticity of demand would be‚ Ey= (20%)/(10%)=2 The amount which the quantity demanded for a good change in response to a change in income depends on the type of goods. We can distinguish the types of goods as following‚ Normal goods - Ey > 0 – positive YED Luxury goods - Ey > 1 Necessities - 0 < Ey < 1 Inferior products - Ey < 0 – negative YED Let’s see how the income elasticity of demand deviates for normal goods and inferior products
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Methods of Revenue Recognition 1. The Accrual Method of Revenue Recognition The most common revenue recognition system is based on the accrual method. Under this approach‚ if the revenue recognition rules presented in the last section have been met‚ then revenue may be recognized in full. In addition‚ expenses related to that revenue‚ even if supplier invoices have not yet been received should be recognized and matched against the revenue. The name of this method does not imply that the revenue
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