How baseball pitchers hit the catcher’s glove every time is regulated by a motor control system which is paralleled by the retinal circuitry in our eyes. In the Asari and Meister paper‚ they were able to experimentally prove the functional role of amacrine cells in retinal dynamics. In this thought paper I will argue that together with the bipolar and ganglion cells‚ the amacrine cells operate in a parametric system similar to the feedback and feedforward systems found in motor control. In order
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Effects of Substrate Concentration‚ Reaction Time and Enzyme Concentration on Enzyme Reactions Corey von Ellm-St. Croix Rachael Kwan ID#: 20427841 Matthew Hrycyshyn & Saeideh Mayanloo Biol 130L‚ Section 017 Wednesday‚ 9:30am-12:20pm‚ 151 November 09‚ 2011 A living system controls its activity through enzymes. Enzymes are made from hundreds or even thousands of amino acids connected in a very unique and specific order. Almost all enzymes are proteins‚ except for ribozymes. The chain of amino
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measure the enzyme activity of β-galactosidase in the different concentrations of o-Nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) using a spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer was also set at 420nm‚ a wavelength which is best for recording the absorbance values for the experiment. From the results‚ 0.9mM ONPG solution has the highest absorbance and 0.1mM ONPG solution has the least. Also‚ 0.5mM ONPG solution has the highest rate of enzyme activity and it is the most efficient as the enzyme activity of the ONPG
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The prokaryotic cell precedes any forms of Bacteria‚ Archaea‚ and eventually Eukaryotes by approximately two billion years. This cell was the original life form on the planet and represents the smallest and least complex of all organisms. Through the process of mutation and adaptation they were able to survive to evolve into our modern day Bacteria‚ Archaea‚ Fungi and Protists. These post organisms have benefited from their early ancestor‚ by way of Endosymbiosis. Intricate protest and fungi are
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LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Daniel Franco Instructor: Professor Jennifer Frere Date: 03.08.2015 Predictions Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 60 °C (140 °F) Sucrase activity decreases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity Dependent Variable amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced Independent Variable pH Controlled Variables temperature‚ amount of
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to determine the optimum temperature range for the activity of the enzyme lactase. Extreme temperatures can have a detrimental effect on enzymes; very hot temperatures can cause the denaturation in the enzyme‚ which is the loss of protein structure. This causes a change in the shape of the enzyme leading to its inability to perform its function. As previously stated‚ the alternate hypothesis read: the optimal temperature range for lactase activity is between 23 to 25 ℃. The alternate hypothesis presented
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sciences‚ treatment of diseases and protection against pathogens have become more complex than ever. Technology sheds light on how to treat diseases‚ thus different quantitative experimental techniques and mathematical analyses for improving biological research are available‚ yet healthcare costs are skyrocketing‚ and the knowledge on how macromolecules work and how cells regulate gene expression has been a quandary. Biology is a highly fragmented science with delicate details at all levels where
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Cell Energy Worksheet Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: • What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? The main function of cellular respiration is to generate ATP for cellular work; it is the process of harvesting chemical energy from organic fuel and converting it to ATP energy. The three stages of cell respiration include: Glycolysis‚ Citric Acid Cycle‚ and Electron Transport(Simon‚ Reece‚ & Dickery‚ 2010). • What is the role of glycolysis
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Stem cells are unique because they have the ability to generate new cells of any kind during early life and growth. There are about 200 different types of cells in the body; such as muscle‚ skin and brain cells. Most of these cells have to be repaired or replaced once in a while. For example our taste buds are replaced every 10 days‚ skin cells every couple of weeks and liver cells every 300-500 days. Stem cells serve as an internal repair system dividing essentially without limit to replenish
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The effect of temperature on beet cell membranes Introduction: A cell membrane of a beet (Beta Vulgaris) is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterols. The membrane is responsible for organizing the cell‚ protecting it from the exterior environment‚ as well as responsible for regulating what goes in and out of the cell though it’s protein channels and “selectively permeable” bilayer. (Campbell‚ Reece‚ Taylor & Simon‚ 2006‚ p. 79-80) When this membrane is damaged
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