Exam Question #1: Attribution Theory As discussed earlier in the text‚ motivation is the desire that an individual develops to fuel a drive for success. Individuals may find motivation in the form of external rewards (extrinsic motivation)‚ or simply through internal gratification (intrinsic motivation)‚ knowing that they are exhibiting a great deal of effort in a given activity. When an athlete experiences success or failure they are likely to attribute those successes or failures to different
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Pickering ‚ Jon H.‚ B. Holliday‚ G.Ulmer ‚ 2010‚ A. Hartmann‚ A. Bonnaud-Antignac‚ A. Cercle‚ G. Dabouis‚ F. Dravet‚ Garmezy‚ Masten‚ and Tellegen‚ 1984). Resilience is an important attribute of an individual facing stressors. Dorothy Jonson theory of stress defines it as a “internal or external stimuli that produce tension and result in a degree of instability are called stressors (Johnson‚ 1961‚ p. 13). The stressors are constantely present forcing the nurse to adjust and cope to address
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A reflection on two approaches Both psychodynamic and Focusing-oriented therapies regard trauma as a painful and challenging experience. They understand trauma as something that can alter a person’s sense of self. They both acknowledge the survivor’s attempts to avoid the pain. Also‚ both approaches note that there is an adaptive aspect to the survivor’s responses (as they attempt to avoid the pain) (see Mackay‚ 2002; Vantarakis‚ 2014). These approaches aim to help the clients to integrate their
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Politeness is more concisely defined in Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics (Richards‚ Platt‚ & Weber (1985)) as: how languages express the social distance between speakers and their different role relationships; (b) how face-work; that is‚ the attempt to establish‚ maintain‚ and save face during a conversation‚ is carried out in a speech community. Languages differ in how they express politeness. ... Politeness markers include differences between formal speech and colloquial speech‚ and the
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Sigmund Freud has investigated the Psychoanalytic Theory (1856-1939). This theory caused great inconvenience when delivered and accepted a systematic war because Freud revealed the importance and impact of human sexual impulses stressing that culture is built over their oppression. The Psychology of Conflict is one of the basic principles in the Psychoanalytic theory which sees the function of the mind as the expression of conflicting powers. Some of these forces are conscious but the key is unconscious
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Feminism is the theory of ‘social‚ political and economic equality of the sexes’ (Mathews‚ Class Notes‚ slide 3). Bell Hooks‚ more formally know as Gloria Jean Watkins born September 25th in 1952‚ is an American author‚ social activist and Feminist. Watkins took her pen name ‘bell hooks’ from her great grandmother Bell Blair Hooks‚ but uses the name in all lowercase letters to distinguish herself from her great grandmother. She held a leading role in the Second Wave of Feminism which lasted from
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Marxist theory This theory was basically ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Both of them were born from Germany. Marx was a student of the most prominent German Idealist Philosopher. Engels was editing a radical journal that written by Karl Marx at the year 1844. Due to this both of them meet and become close friends. Engels start to share his opinion toward capitalism to Marx. After that‚ they decided to work together and become partnership because Marx was good in dealing with difficult
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System Model : Inspiration for the Behavioral System Model Florence Nightingale Grand Theorist: Nursing Hans Selye Endocrinologist: Father of Stress Talcott Parsons Sociologist: Social Action Theory Model was also inspired by behavioral scientists in psychology‚ sociology‚ and ethnology and System Theory scientist . Dorothy Johnson’s Perspective: Dorothy Johnson ’ s Perspective Major Concepts: Attachment- Affiliative Subsystem Dependency Subsystem Ingestive Subsystem Eliminative Subsystem
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Psychodynamic approach‚ which considers current behaviors have its origins traced back to childhood‚ is one of the explanations for the repeated patterns of interactions and relationships in adult life. This essay aims to discuss the propositions that relationships in adult life are molded by relationships established in early childhood‚ by using the classical Freudian and object relations theories The starting point will be going over the general view of psychodynamics on these propositions‚ and
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The constitutional theory and the modern theory are two prominent frameworks of presidency seen in American history. The constitutional theory is a framework of presidency that the president confines his powers to ones strictly given in the constitution. The modern theory of presidency is a framework that the president explores the options and gains of power; use of more external factors and less restraint of the constitution. Throughout American history‚ from first president‚ George Washington to
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