Market structures and pricing Revenues Consumers * Inverse demand curve gives willingness-to-pay * Benefit consumer(s) derive(s) from additional good; * Area under inverse demand curve measures total willingness-to-pay‚ total benefit or total surplus. * Maximum price I can charge as producer determined by inverse demand function * Marginal revenues; revenue of next unit I sell Strategies * Profit maximization * Marginal profits equal to 0 (MR=MC) *
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I. MARKET STRUCTURE We can classify firms by the roles they play in the target market: leader‚ challenger‚ follower‚ or nicher. Suppose a market is occupied by the firms shown in Figure 1.1. Forty percent of the market is in the hands of a market leader; another 30 percent is in the hands of a market challenger; another 20 percent is in the hands of a market follower‚ a firm that is willing to maintain its market share and not rock the boat. The remaining 10 percent is in the hands of market nichers
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optimize price. It is an organization with a very desirable position in the world; very few companies can experience the opportunity to determine their own prices without loosing significantly market share. OPEC is considered a Monopolistic-Cartel type of organization. Firm’s demand curve This type of structure has the advantage that while increasing oil prices may shift the demand curve. The model allows backstop technology and tariffs on oil imports; therefore‚ the imposition of tariffs to importing
Free OPEC 1973 oil crisis Petroleum
Oligopoly In a oligopoly market structure‚ there are a few interdependent firms that change their prices according to their competitors. Ex: If Coca Cola changes their price‚ Pepsi is also likely to. Characteristics: * Few interdependent firms * A few barriers to entry * Products are similar‚ but firms try to differentiate them * There is branding and advertising * Imperfect knowledge (where customers don’t know the best price or availability) Revenue Curves Total Revenue
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ALTERNATIVE MARKET STRUCTURES It is traditional to divide industries to categories according to the degree of competition that exists between the firms within the industry. There are four such categories. At one extreme is perfect competition‚ where there are many firms competing. Each firm is so small relative to the whole industry that it has no market power to influence price. It is a price taker. At the other extreme is monopoly‚ where there is just one firm in the industry‚ and hence no competition
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Market structure refers to: • Nature and degree of competition within a particular market • The number of firms producing identical products which are homogenous Oligopoly: This is a market structure in which the market is dominated by a small number of firms that together control the majority of the market share. Few firms dominate Although only a few firms dominate‚ it is possible that many small firms may also operate in the market e.g. the major airlines. It is a situation between perfect
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A monopoly is a market structure where there is merely one manufacturer/supplier for a product. The lone business is the industry. Entrance into such a market is controlled based on elevated costs or additional obstacles‚ which may be‚ political social or economic. In an oligopoly‚ there are simply a limited number of firms that create an industry. This top quality assemblage of firms has control over the price in addition to a‚ monopoly; an oligopoly also has extraordinary obstacles to admittance
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“The structures of body systems are determined by their functions”. Discuss this statement‚ focussing on the Circulatory System. You should include diagrams and relevant examples in your essay. In order to survive it is necessary for every cell in the body to exchange materials as not all cells are in contact with the external environment; we rely on the circulatory system to do this which is composed of the heart‚ blood vessels and blood. The heart consists of four chambers two atria and two ventricles
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Market Structure Simulation Armani Nelson Professor William Johnson ECO/365 April 24‚ 2012. In the simulation Differentiating between Market Structures I learned about the four market structures‚ which are perfect competition‚ monopoly‚ monopolistic competition‚ and oligopoly. I learned about cost and revenue curves within the market structures and how these structures work within an organization. The simulation also dealt with prisoner’s dilemma‚ price war and duopoly. The prisoner dilemma
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Explain how the different features of monopolistic competition and oligopoly affect price and output determination in these market structures. Both monopolistic competition (MPC) and oligopoly generally determine price and output based on the profit-maximising condition that marginal cost (MC) equals to marginal revenue (MR). Due to the different features of both monopolistic competition and oligopoly such as the barriers to entry (BTE)‚ which affects the number of sellers as well as market power
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