Opportunity Cost Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity necessitates trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost contrasts to accounting cost in
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THE COST AND SALES CONCEPT Cost is defined as a reduction in the value of an asset for the purpose of securing benefit or gain. Cost is defined in a hotel and restaurant as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. KINDS OF COSTS 1. Fixed costs – are those that are normally unaffected by changes in sales volume. They are said to have little direct relationship to the business volume because they do not change
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1 In a process cost system‚ product costs are summarized: on job cost sheets. when the products are sold. after each unit is produced. on production cost reports. What decision criteria should managers use in selecting projects when there is not enough capital to invest in all available positive NPV projects? the internal rate of return the discounted payback the profitability index the modified internal rate of return 3 Horizontal
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economics and business decision-making‚ sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs‚ which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Both retrospective and prospective costs may be either fixed (continuous for as long as the business is in operation and unaffected by output volume) or variable (dependent on volume) costs. Note‚ however‚ that many economists consider
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ADM 3301 Sample Mid-term Exam Duration: 2.5 hours Student name:_______________________ Student No.__________________ INSTRUCTIONS: 1- Write down the exam copy number (that exists at the top right corner of this page) on the identification white card next to your name. 2- Verify that your exam has 9 pages (including this title page). 3- Answer all questions on your examination copy. Use the opposite (blank) side‚ if necessary. Answers or calculations written on the sheet
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Q1: explicit costs and implicit costs concepts Explicit Cost Explicit cost is defined as the direct payment which is supposed to be made to others while running business. This includes the wages‚ rents or materials which are due in the contract. The explicit cost is the expense done in business which can easily be identified and accounted for in the business at any stage. The explicit cost represents the out flows of cash in clear and obvious terms. When any out flow of credit occurs in a business
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COST CLASSIFICATION CONCEPT OF COST: DEFINITION: A SACRIFICE OR GIVING UP OF RESOURCES FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FREQUENTLY MEASURED BY THE MONETARY UNITS (RUPEES‚ DOLLARS) THAT MUST BE PAID FOR GOODS AND SERVICES . ➢ EMPHASIS ON COST INFORMATION: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO COSTS BECAUSE COST HAVE A VITAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PLANNING ‚ EVALUATING AND DECISION MAKING. FOR EXAMPLE IN PLANNING THE ROUTE AND FLIGHT SCHEDULES THE MANAGER OF AN AIR LINE MUST CONSIDER
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How to Calculate a Present Value Using Microsoft Excel I want to do this! What ’s This? Using Microsoft Excel to calculate the present value of a potential investment is a simple task once you learn the syntax of the required formula. Follow these easy steps and you can calculate present value using Microsoft Excel easily and quickly. Instructions 1. 1 Understand the concept of present value. Present value is one of the Time Value of Money calculations. Use it to answer questions
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Tarvarious Haywood Semester at Sea Fall Voyage 2012 Date: June 17‚ 2012 How will your Semester at Sea voyage create (or enhance) your personal global perspective? As a young boy I’ve always been interested in traveling the world and seeing how people from other cultures live and maintain a lifestyle .Since moving to Miami I’ve seen‚ met‚ and experienced many of the different cultures of the world but really haven’t grasped the full experience of them. Now that I have that chance to travel
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College has helped many people make money and be successful‚ but is it really worth the cost? Post secondary school is a great way to excel in life and in the workplace‚ but not all people want or need to go to college. Accordingly‚ college is not worth the money because it can stress out post high school graduates‚ it can cause the students’ family to go into debt and it doesn’t help those who are undecided about a career. These reasons may cause people doubt on whether college is worth the money
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