Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank1 and Vidhan K. Goyal2 First draft: March 14‚ 2003. Current draft: December 20‚ 2003. ABSTRACT This paper examines the relative importance of 38 factors in the leverage decisions of publicly traded U.S. firms from 1950 to 2000. The most reliable factors are median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book ratio (-)‚ collateral (+)‚ bankruptcy risk as measured by Altman’s Z-Score (-)‚ dividend-paying
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Determine the market structure for which firm exists in and explain convincingly why your team believes so. Dell market structure is monopolistic competition. Why? This is because Dell has many competitors such as Toshiba‚ Acer‚ Sony‚ Lenovo‚ Asus‚ Hp‚ Apple‚ and Sharp .The existence of these firms makes Dell not the only single computers firm in the market. This have let Dell met the conditions which is many sellers in monopolistic competition. Thus‚ Dell pricing decisions will not affect the
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Market Structure of Airlines including a Market Structure Table Each business that operates provides goods of some nature‚ public‚ private common resources‚ or natural monopoly. To provide these goods to consumers and make money businesses are subject to Supply and Demand costs of labor as well as the Market Structure of its competition. Using knowledge in all of these aspects of economics it is apparent that Airlines are subject to these factors as well‚ how the economy works can be analyzed
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Explain how the different features of monopolistic competition and oligopoly affect price and output determination in these market structures. Both monopolistic competition (MPC) and oligopoly generally determine price and output based on the profit-maximising condition that marginal cost (MC) equals to marginal revenue (MR). Due to the different features of both monopolistic competition and oligopoly such as the barriers to entry (BTE)‚ which affects the number of sellers as well as market power
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Market Structure Paper August 2‚ 2009 In this paper I will discuss competitive markets‚ monopolies‚ and oligopolies and what role each of these play in an economy? I will also point out: o What the characteristics of each market structure is? o How the price is determined in each market structure in terms of maximizing profits? o How output is determined in each market structure in terms of maximizing profits? o What are the barriers to entry‚ if any? o What role does each market
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Introduction By the late- 1990s fast-food chain McDonalds had enjoyed 40 years of exceptional performance. McDonald’s brand mission is to be a customers’ favorite place and way to eat. McDonald’s worldwide operations are aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to Win‚ which center on an exceptional customer experience – People‚ Products‚ Place‚ Price and Promotion. They are committed to continuously improving theirs operations and enhancing customers’ experience. McDonalds place the customer
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Industry: Pricing Structure and Strategies ABSTRACT The profitability of an airline industry depends on filling seats‚ and on the company’s ability successfully to anticipate the cost and price structures of their competitors. However‚ many airline carriers have a hard time accomplishing this because the average airline passenger just needs to travel from one destination to another in the most convenient and shortest amount of time at a reasonable price. Therefore‚ customers in this market are
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to use a simple model to optimize price. It is an organization with a very desirable position in the world; very few companies can experience the opportunity to determine their own prices without loosing significantly market share. OPEC is considered a Monopolistic-Cartel type of organization. Firm’s demand curve This type of structure has the advantage that while increasing oil prices may shift the demand curve. The model allows backstop technology and tariffs on oil imports; therefore‚ the imposition
Free OPEC 1973 oil crisis Petroleum
ALTERNATIVE MARKET STRUCTURES It is traditional to divide industries to categories according to the degree of competition that exists between the firms within the industry. There are four such categories. At one extreme is perfect competition‚ where there are many firms competing. Each firm is so small relative to the whole industry that it has no market power to influence price. It is a price taker. At the other extreme is monopoly‚ where there is just one firm in the industry‚ and hence no competition
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Maximizing Profits in Market Structures Maximizing Profits in Market Structures Market Structures are described as a particular relationship between the buyers and the sellers of goods and services in a specific market (Mathias‚ 2000). Three different types of market structures are competitive markets‚ monopolies‚ and oligopolies. Each of these market structures has a particular set of characteristics that identify it and separate it from the others. These categories are also separated
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