Theories of Motivation Motivation: “The process that account for an individual’s intensity‚ direction‚ and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.” Motivation is the result of the interaction of the individual and the situation.Individuals differ in their basic motivational drive.The level of motivation varies both between individuals and within individuals at different times. EARLY THEOREIS OF MOTIVATION 1950’s: These three theories are: Hierarchy of needs theory Theories X
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perspective 1. Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner 2. Neo-Behaviorism: Tolmann and Bandura B. Cognitive Perspective 1. Gestalt Psychology 2. Bruner’s constructivist Theory 3. Bruner’s constructivist theory 4. Ausebel’s Meaningful Verbal Learning / Subsumption Theory Prepared by: Nemarose Jane Tauyan Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner Pavlov (1849 - 1936) For most people‚ the name "Pavlov" rings a bell (pun intended). The Russian physiologist is
Free Behaviorism Operant conditioning Psychology
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION 2 1.1. INTRODUCTION 2 1.2 WHAT IS MOTIVATION? 2 1.3 DEFINING MOTIVATION 3 2.0. PROCESS OF MOTIVATION 4 2.1 MOTIVATING DIFFERENT PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT WAYS 6 2.2 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOTIVATION‚ SATISFACTION‚ INSPIRATION AND MANIPULATION 6 3.0 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO TANZANIA WORKING ORGANIZATIONS. 7 3.1. ABRAHAM MASLOW’S “NEED HIERARCHY THEORY”: 7 3.2. APPLYING MASLOW’S NEEDS HIERARCHY – BUSINESS
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Theories of Motivation Motivation has been defined as the psychological process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner‚ 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins‚ 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian‚ 1993). In psychology‚ motivation refers to the initiation‚ direction‚ intensity and persistence of behavior. In simplistic terms‚ we can define motivation as the desire and willingness to do something and the inner force that helps individuals achieve their
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review McGregor’s X and Y Theory. The Theory describes the two different types of workers there are. An X worker who is typically lazy and the Y worker who is typically a self motivated worker and does not need to be told what to do. The paper will also talk about the two different types of managers. An X manager is all about results and getting stuff done and making the most of the day‚ and a Y manager who is very personal and lackadaisical. Through the study of these two theories and a survey of 20 Graduate
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Theories of Motivation Introduction. This essay will look at motivation to discuss the content theorist Abraham Maslow ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ relevance and his critics. The research of motivation is interested basically with why people act in certain ways. ’Why do people do what they do?’ In typical terms‚ motivation can be defined as the direction and perseverance of action. It is interested with why humans take a specific course of action in to others‚ and why they continue with a chosen endeavour
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cognitive engagement‚ which he defines as “voluntary uses of high-level self-regulated learning strategies‚ such as paying attention‚ connection‚ planning‚ and monitoring”. 2.0 MOTIVATION THEORIES 2.1 Maslow Theory In 1954‚ Maslow published Motivation and Personality‚ which introduced this theory about how people satisfy various personal needs in the context of their work. He postulated‚ based on his
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Locke and Hume concepted a more mechanistic view. They suggested that some actions arise from internal or external forces where there is no control. According to Hobbes behave should be such a way where pain is being avoided and achieve pleasure. No matter what reasons we may give for our conduct‚ there two tendencies are the underlying causes of all behavior. View on Motivation Each and every theory has origin. In motivation there are three perspectives. These are - 1) The traditional approach
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Theory X and Theory Y After World War II there were several studies performed that ultimately revealed how assumptions about workers’ attitudes and behaviors affect managers’ behavior. In the 1960s one of the most influential approaches was created and developed by Douglas McGregor at the MIT Sloan School Of Management. He proposed two sets of assumptions about how work attitudes and behaviors not only dominate the way mangers think but also affect how they behave in organizations. He named these
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Motivation Theory Needs – drives – behaviour – goals – reduction or release of tension Behaviour is both directed to‚ and results from‚ unsatisfied needs. The word unsatisfied is most important. As Maslow says‚ “If we are interested in what actually motivates us and not what has or will‚ or might motivate us‚ then a satisfied need is not a motivator.” Kelly’s model of motivation presents a sort of chicken-egg dilemma. Which comes first‚ the goal or the need? When we talk about behaviour being
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