(Spindler 1994). The term psychological contract (Argyris 1960; Schein 1980; Rousseau 1989) refers to a commonly used exchange concept providing a framework for understanding the ‘hidden’ aspects of the relationship between organisations and their employees (Shore & Tetrick 1994). The common theme underlying these definitions is that the psychological contract refers to an employee’s unexpressed beliefs‚ expectations‚ promises and responsibilities with respect to what constitutes a fair exchange
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world around the globe. Corporate governance is represented by general set of customs‚ regulations‚ habits‚ and laws that determine how a firm should be run as to maximize the wealth of its stockholders. So‚ in broader sense‚ corporate governance is maximizing the shareholder’s value by ensuring practices which are fair with regard to all stakeholders‚ customers‚ employees‚ investors‚ vendors‚ the government and the society-at-large. In this context‚ agency theory which was proposed by Jensen and Meckling
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Word Count: 2‚164 | Executive Summary The purpose of this document is to discuss the issue of Zara’s DOS-based IT infrastructure and how it affects Zara’s performance. The concern is the current system is out of date and there is a possibility that hardware vendors will upgrade their machines leaving them incompatible with DOS. As well‚ Zara’s core business model is speed and responsiveness‚ this system is unable to keep up with this model. By assessing the pros and cons of the new IT system
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authorized person appointed by the management to check the internal affairs of the organization not mandatory by law” According to Professor Walter B. Meigs: Internal auditing consist of a continuous‚ critical review of financial and operating activities by a staff of auditors functioning as full time salaried employees. Introduction: Internal audit is the independent appraisal of activity within an organization for the review of accounting‚ financial and other business practices as protective
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Organization Citizenship Behavior For Organizational Performance BUS2010 Organizational Behavior Term Members Section 2 Group 5 Date of Submit: 29th April 2013 Date of Presentation: 17th May 2013 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction……………………………………………………………………….…1 Low Organizational Citizenship Behavior for Organizational Performance…….….2 Excessive
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Three Military Leaders: How They Contributed to American Military Tradition Throughout history there has been many amazing military leaders that have contributed to American military traditions. Military traditions center less on strategy than on the constitutional nature of the American military. For purposes of this paper the top three military leaders that were huge in history were General John J. Pershing‚ General George Marshall‚ and General B. Ridgway. All three men showed excellent leadership
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Service posses several unique characteristics that often have a significant impact on marketing program development. The four distinctive characteristics that greatly affect the design of marketing programs are intangibility‚ inseparability‚ variability and perishability. Intangibility Service cannot be seen‚ tasted‚ felt‚ heard‚ or smelled so it is difficult for clients to tell in advance what they will be getting. For example‚ hotels that promise a good night’s sleep to their guests cannot
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What do you believe are the key characteristics of a good performance measurement system? The first key characteristic of a good performance measurement system is that it cares about optimization rather than suboptimization. Under a good performance measurement system‚ an organization is viewed as a whole system which each part interrelated and interdependent. When making decisions‚ employees would take other departments into account and make sure their decisions is good to the whole company
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How might prejudice develop and how might it be reduced? • Prejudice: A judgment or opinion made without adequate knowledge; to Prejudge‚ to pass judgement or form premature opinion. We can break the word prejudice down into two parts to give clearer understanding of its meaning‚ Pre is before and judice is to make judgement‚ so it is a negative preconceived judgement on an individual or group prior to seeking full knowledge or understanding about them. Prejudice effects many aspects of today’s
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INTRODUCTION 1.O Background to the study Over the years‚ the motivation of employees has been gaining steady importance because of its pivotal role in providing a link between improved performances and enhanced productivity. To achieve its goal and objectives‚ an organization needs among other things‚ a fully motivated workforce. A work force that perceives the organization as a medium through which personal goals could be achieved and the same time achieving the organizational goals. To feel
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