Chapter 01 : INTRODUCTION TO P & O MGMT Concept of Production Production : * A crucial function in any organisation * Transformation of a range of inputs into the planned outputs ( goods or services ) meeting laid down quality standards * Step-by-step conversion of one form of material into another form through chemical or mechanical process to enhance the utility of the product to the end users. * Value addition process at each stage * A process by which “goods and
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Opportunity Cost Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity necessitates trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost contrasts to accounting cost in
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Toyota Production System High Quality and Low Cost Readings; g; James Womack‚ Daniel T. Jones and Daniel Roos‚ The Machine that Changed the World‚ 1990‚ Ch 3 and 4 J T. Black “The Factory with a Future” Ch 2 & 4 Michael McCoby‚ “Is There a Best Way to Build a Car?” HBR Nov-Dec 1997 1 COST VS DEFECTS Three Major Mfg Systems from 1800 t 2000 f to Machine tools‚ specialized machine tools‚ Taylorism‚ SPC‚ CNC‚ CAD/CAM 1800 Interchangeable Parts at U.S. Armories 1900 Mass Production at
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more than $60 per barrel. The barrels could not be reused foraging future batches of bourbon whiskey but could be sold to used barrel dealers for $1 each at the end of the aging period. * The increased production in 1988 necessitated the leasing of an additional warehouse at an annual rental cost of $200‚000. The temperature and humidity of the warehouse space had to be controlled since the quality of the whiskey could be ruined by its aging too fast or too slowly. * A small amount of liquid
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INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL SUBJECT: FINANCIAL & COST ACCOUNTING Total Marks: 80 N.B.: 1)Allquestionsarecompulsory 2) All questions carry equal marks. Q1) ABC Ltd. Produces room coolers. The company is considering whether it should continue to manufacture air circulating fans itself or purchase them from outside. Its annual requirement is 25000 units. An outsider vendor is prepared to supply fans for Rs 285 each. In addition‚ ABC Ltd will have to incur costs of Rs 1.50 per unit for freight and Rs 10‚000
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Sustainable Food Production and Consumption Agenda for Action Current methods of food production and consumption are imposing a severe burden on the environment and the constituent natural resources. New production and processing methods driven by biotechnology (genetically modified organisms (GMOs)‚ hormones and other growth promoters) affect food safety. Are alternative more sustainable patterns of food production and consumption feasible? The paper examines some consumer initiatives in Asia
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Impact of Cost-benefit analysis on industry decision making: Transportation Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)‚ in essence‚ is a tool for decision making. It can be applied to almost any kind of decision in any kind of field. In its most pure form‚ a CBA will aggregate the pros and cons (positive and negative effects) of a proposal‚ and‚ if the pros (benefits) outweigh the cons (costs)‚ the proposal is viable. Usually‚ the analyst will assign monetary values to each of the costs and benefits‚ hence making
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This literature review for Chemistry is to help answer the question how does the amount of air pressure in a soccer ball affect how high it bounces when dropped. I think the ball will bounce higher when it has greater air pressure. We will explore atmospheric pressure‚ “which is the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere”. www.kids.earth.nasa.gov And air pressure‚ “which is the force exerted on you by the weight of air molecules”. Other items in play will be gravitational force and
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The Toyota Production System Introduction Today‚ automobile manufacturing is still the world ’s largest manufacturing activity. Forty years ago‚ Peter Drucker dubbed it "the industries of industries." After First World War‚ Henry Ford and General Motors ’ Alfred Sloan moved world manufacture from centuries of craft production (led by European firms into the age of mass production.) His production innovation was the moving assembling line‚ which brought together many mass-produced parts to create
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Classify each cost listed below as either a product cost or a period cost for purposes of preparing the financial statements for the bank. 1. The cost of the memory chips used in radar set. * Product Cost 2. Factory Heating Cost * Period Cost 3. Factory Equipment maintenance costs. * Period Cost 4. Training costs for new administrative employees * Period Costs 5. The cost of the solder that is used in assembling the radar sets. * Product costs 6. The Travel
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