Soil degradation refers to the decline in quantity and quality of soil. Degradation of soil is done by erosion (wind and water)‚ biological degradation‚ physical degradation (referring to the over loss of structure and changes in permeability) and chemical degradation‚ this refers to acidification‚ declining fertility‚ changes in pH levels‚ salinization and chemical toxicity. Soil degradation affects not only the environment but also the economy as well as people. The effect that soil degradation
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Prokaryotes: Bacteria Most of us have been conditioned to think of bacteria as invisible‚ potentially harmful little creatures. Actually‚ relatively few species of bacteria cause disease in humans‚ animals‚ plants‚ or any other organisms. In fact‚ all organisms made up of eukaryotic cells probably evolved from bacteria-like organisms‚ which were some of the earliest forms of life. In this chapter‚ we will learn how bacterial groups are differentiated from each other and how important bacteria are in
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SHEET-1 SOILS IN INDIA 1. Name two states in India where Regur soil is found. In what way Regur soil help agriculture? 2. Name the process by which Laterite soil is formed. What climatic conditions are responsible for its formation?Mention 5 main characteristics of Laterite siol. 3. Name two important agents of soil erosion. For each‚ state two methods of controlling the erosion caused. 4. What is soil conservation? How does reforestation help in soil conservation
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Natural Water Content (NZS 4402 Test 2.1) Mass of water: M2- M3=7.05g Mass of dried soil: M3- M1=23.20g Wn=30.4% (3sf-in compliance with NZS 4402) Wn=30% (to nearest whole number) All guidelines within the NZS 4402 methodology were adhered to as closely as possible: The tin base and lid were both cleaned and dried prior to weighing (to the nearest 0.01g)‚ while handling the soil‚ dry‚ clean hands we ensured in order to avoid altering the water content of the soil and it was also stored within
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Abstract Some bacteria are able to go through transformation making new combinations of genes. Transformation is a way of gene variability in bacteria. This experiment is based on the transformation mechanism of bacteria and gene regulation. The bacteria used for the experiment was Escherichia coli and the genes introduces for the transformation were: gfp and bla by a pGLO™ plasmid. After the insertion of the target genes and growing the bacteria on specialized LB media‚ it could be seen that the
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diagnostic bacteriology Dr.T.V.Rao MD Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1 Identification of Microorganisms • For many students and professionals the most pressing topic in microbiology is how to identify unknown specimens. • Why is this important? • Labs can grow‚ isolate and identify most routinely encountered bacteria within 48 hrs of sampling. • The methods microbiologist use fall into three categories: ♣Phenotypic- morphology (micro and macroscopic) ♣Immunological- serological analysis ♣Genotypic-
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Experiment 3: Soil pH measurement Introduction Aims The aims of the experiment were to determine the pH of a variety of soils which included sedentary‚ 3:2‚ sand‚ organic matter with the means of a pH meter at various soil water ratios and with or without calcium chloride. Method and Materials Samples of sedentary soil‚ 3:2 soil‚ sand‚ organic matter and compost‚ 100ml vials(x12)‚ bottle of distilled water‚ analytical balance‚ pH meter‚ 2 buffer solution of known pH‚ 0.25M calcium
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Lab: Sampling Bacteria Purpose: Refer to handout sheet. Materials: Refer to handout sheet. Procedure: Refer to handout sheet. Pre-Lab Questions: 1. Why is one dish being reserved for the class as a "control"? Having a controlled variable is important in order to be able to look at what the bacteria would look like if it hadn’t been contaminated and just left as agar. Having a sample of agar that wasnt exposed to any bacteria will provide a clear picutre of what grew on the agar
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The Effectiveness of Chalk Dust as Soil Neutralizer Queeneevi T. Quijano Carolyne B. Coronel Ergie P. Canillas IV-SSC A Mrs. Deborah Agustin Reseach Adviser TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Bacteria are often maligned as the causes of human and animal disease (like this one‚ Leptospira‚ which causes serious disease in livestock). However‚ certain bacteria‚ the actinomycetes‚ produce antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin; others live symbiotically in the guts of animals (including humans) or elsewhere in their bodies‚ or on the roots of certain plants‚ converting nitrogen into a usable form. Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread; bacteria help to break
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